Chapter 3 Flashcards
Psychodynamic paradigm: what therapies are included?
- psychoanalysis
- psychodynamic therapy
- interpersonal therapy
Psychoanalytic underlying personality theories?
- structural drive theory → id, ego, superego
- developmental theory → personality formed during childhood as a result of experiences during psychosexual stages of development
→ frustration during any stage causes psychopathology
Psychoanalysis goals:
- Non-directive
- insight, want people to become aware of their basic needs
- NOT to get rid of defenses
- Reduce or eliminate pathological symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness
Psychoanalysis main components:
- interpretation of free association and dreams, resistances, and transferences
Psychoanalysis updates:
- declined greatly (tho some regional differences)
→ extremely time consuming (3+/week)
→ very little research on it - modifications to it are psychodynamic
→ young
→ erik ericson → personality develops through adulthood
Psychodynamic treatments:
- tend to be very brief
- target a specific problem
- therapist more actively involved
- more collaborative dynamic
- therapeutic alliance
Humanistic orientation?
- oppose other orientations’ views as pessimistic / deterministic
- Focus on human qualities like human free will
- Carl Rogers very important
Humanistic therapies:
- emphasize importance of understanding client’s experience
- client focused
- relationship is authentic, genuine, collaborative
- self-actualization → people can reach their full potential
- focus on CURRENT behaviors (opposed to childhood)
Humanistic underlying personality theory:
- focus on notion of self
- people responsible for their own life
- NOT focused on diagnosis
- look at maladaptive / incongruent behavior
Humanistic therapy goals?
- be self actualized
- be self aware
- therapists can’t solve your problems, you can
Humanistic therapy components?
- Genuineness, communicating honestly
- Accurate empathy, see as client does
- Non-directive
- Unconditional positive regard
→ genuinely care about client
→ accept without judgment
Therapeutic alliance def?
bond between a therapist and client
Cognitive behavioral orientation personality theory?
- NOT based on personality theory!!!
- instead, rooted in cognitive psych
- Thoughts / behaviors / feelings all impact each other all the time
- they can be monitored and changed
CBT goals?
- help clients learn new ways of thinking, acting, and feeling
- learn skills
CBT commonly included components? (Focused on __?)
- therapist - directed
- Focused on the present
- Establishing rapport and trust
- Psychoeducation
- Goal setting
- Collecting background info
- Teaching skills
- Collaborative empiricism
CBT common procedure for depression?
- monitor maladaptive thoughts
- consider antecedents/consequences
- evaluate support
- substitute rational alternative cognitions
Examples of CBT treatments?
Exposure treatments:
- Systematic desensitization (for phobias)
- Flooding (also phobias)
Aversion therapy:
- create unpleasant response to stimuli
- treats substance use disorder
Contingency management:
- linking behavior to consequences
- reward/punish certain behaviors
Cognitive based:
- Attribution retraining
- Beck’s cog. therapy –> depression based on errors in thinking
Third wave CBT therapies focus?
- extension of CTB
- focuses on how people relate to internal experiences
- not trying to change thoughts, just accept them
- incorporates mindfulness & acceptance
CBT outcomes?
- short-term, goal-directed treatment
- progress is monitored
- effective with many disorders
→ esp. depression / anxiety - performs as well as medications
→ longer lasting effects
Biological treatments → psychopharmacology def?
- Chemicals that interact with the central nervous system, producing change in mood, consciousness, perception, and/or behavior
- Can increase or decrease production or transmission of neurotransmitters
Anti-psychotic medication: uses? how do they work? side effects?
- Used primarily for schizophrenia to reduce delusions/hallucinations (positive symptoms)
- Also used for other disorders
→ bipolar, alzheimers, etc. - Reduce dopamine by blocking dopamine receptors
Side effects: (pretty bad)
- Weight gain
- Tardive Dyskinesia → involuntary movement of the face/body
- Getting off the medication doesn’t always stop the side effect!
Types of psych meds?
- Antipsychotic
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilizers
ex. lithium - Sedative-hypnotic
- Psycho-stimulant
ex. adhd
Problems with medication?
- compliance
→ think they’re cured & stop taking it
→ unhappy with side effects - some people don’t respond to meds
- right dosage
- relapse rates high following discontinuation
Efficacy vs effectiveness:
Efficacy: does it work under ideal circumstances
- no comorbidities/complications
- structures sessions, little variability
Effectiveness: does it work IRL
- more variability in providers
- more variability in practices/settings
- comorbidities
- always less than efficacy rate
