Ch 7 - trauma!

Question 1

Traumatic event def?

Answer 1

• Actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence to self or others
• Experience it, witness it, learn that it happened to a loved one, and/or repeated exposure

Question 2

Symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 2

• Intrusive reexperiencing
• Avoidance of reminders
• Arousal or reactivity
• Negative mood or thoughts
• Dissociation

Question 3

Intrusive reexperiencing?

Answer 3

• Distressing images or thoughts
• dreams
• flashbacks

Question 4

Avoidance?

Answer 4

• persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma

Question 5

Increased arousal?

Answer 5

• feelings of restlessness & agitation
• anger & irritability
• sleep disturbances

Question 6

Dissociation def?

Answer 6

disruption of normally integrated mental processes involved in memory, consciousness, identity, or perception

Question 7

Depersonalization def / ex?

Answer 7

• Feel cut off from themselves or the environment
• Watching yourself from above

Question 8

Derealization def / ex?

Answer 8

• The world isn’t real
• Living in a nightmare

Question 9

Dissociative amnesia def / ex?

Answer 9

• inability to report aspects of the trauma

Question 10

2 differences between PTSD & ASD (acute stress disorder)?

Answer 10

1. Duration
   - acute can’t be longer than a month
   - PTSD has to be longer than a month
2. occurrence
   - Acute needs to be within a month of the trauma
   - PTSD can occur at any point, even years later

Question 11

PTSD criteria:

Answer 11

• Exposure to traumatic event
• Duration: > 1 month, with distress or impairment

1. Intrusive symptom(s)
2. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma
3. Negative alterations in thoughts and moods associated w/trauma
4. Marked changes in arousal/reactivity

Question 12

ASD criteria?

Answer 12

• Traumatic event
• Duration: three days to one month
• 9 or more symptoms from five categories:

intrusion
negative mood
dissociation
avoidance
arousal

Question 13

What does ASD tell us about PTSD?

Answer 13

• ASD is a predictor
• Receiving treatment for ASD decreases chances of having PTSD

Question 14

Most common type of trauma?

Answer 14

• unexpected death of a loved one

Question 15

Protective factor against developing PTSD?

Answer 15

• being married

Question 16

Type of trauma most likely to lead to PTSD?

Answer 16

• interpersonal violence
• rape, sexual assault, physical assault / beatings

Question 17

Duration of PTSD longer in cases from ____?

Answer 17

• Direct exposure to trauma
• Rather than repeated second hand exposure (like emergency responders)

Question 18

Gender differences in PTSD?

Answer 18

• Twice as likely in women than men!
• experience more interpersonal violence (ex. domestic or sexual violence)

Question 19

4 types of risk factors for developing PTSD?

Answer 19

• personality
  –> young & extroverted (riskier behavior)
• psychiatric disorders, family history
• lack of social support
• nature of traumatic event
  –> life threatening
  –> interpersonal&raquo_space; natural disaster

Question 20

Critical incident stress debriefing?

Answer 20

• controversial treatment
• immediately after the trauma
• group “therapy” for everyone with similar experience
• led by outsider
• NO EVIDENCE that it prevents PTSD, could even be harmful

Question 21

Treatments for PTSD?

Answer 21

• prolonged exposure
• cognitive processing
• CBT
• cognitive therapy