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Psych 354 > Chapter 10 - eating disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - eating disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Criteria for BN?

A
  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating & feeling out of control.
  • Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain
  • once a week for 3 months
  • Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
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2
Q

Associated features of BN? relation to AN?

A
  • daily routine centers on weight, diet, and appearance
  • Sensitive to comments about their weight or appearance
  • Often have history of anorexia
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3
Q

Binge eating characteristics?

A
  • Individual eats rapidly
  • Uncomfortably full
  • Done alone
  • triggered by unhappy moods*
  • Maybe temporarily comforting
  • Lack of control
  • Followed by guilt/shame
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4
Q

2 types of compensatory behaviors?

A
  • purging
  • non-purging
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5
Q

Purging examples?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Laxative
  • Diuretics
  • Enemas
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6
Q

Non-purging examples?

A
  • extreme exercise
  • restricted fasting
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7
Q

BN effects on body?

A
  • Irritated throat
  • Acid erosion on enamel / throat
  • Low electrolytes **
  • Heart problems
  • Scarring on the back of the knuckles due to vomiting
  • Enlarged salivary glands → producing extra saliva to throw up
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8
Q

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) criteria / characteristics?
what don’t they have? what are most patients like?

A
  • Binge eating once a week on average for three months WITHOUT compensatory behaviors
  • Marked distress regarding binge eating
  • eat more than others
  • NO AN or BN
  • Most often patients are overweight/obese
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9
Q

Anorexia criteria?

A
  • restriction → significantly low weight
  • Intense fear of being fat
  • disturbance in body weight/shape experience / undue influence
    OR
    don’t recognize seriousness of problem, proud of it
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10
Q

AN specifiers? controversial…?

A
  • Restricting:
    → NO binging or purging
  • Binge-eating/purging Type:
    → recurrent episodes of binging OR purging

Controversial bc there’s no differences between them in comorbidities, outcomes, response to treatment, etc

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11
Q

AN cognitive/mental problems?

A
  • preoccupation with food
  • struggle for control of hunger
  • loss of interest in or sexual difficulties
  • risk of suicide
  • Inability to concentrate
  • Depression
  • Memory problems
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12
Q

AN medical problems?

A
  • Heart failure
  • Constipation/bloating
  • Kidney stones/failure
  • Swollen joints/brittle bones
  • Brittle hair
  • Anemia/blood problems
  • Lanugo:
    → Fine hairs on face and body
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13
Q

Difference between AN binging/purging type and BN??

A

AN is underweight!!

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14
Q

OSFED meaning? why does it exist? what are the 3 OSFED diagnoses?

A

Other Specified Eating Disorder

  • used to be ED not specified
  • got rid of unnecessary criteria, changed categories / diagnoses

Diagnoses:
- atypical anorexia
→ AN w/o weight requirement
- BN (&BED) w/ LOW frq
- Purging disorder
→ compensatory disorder w/o binge

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15
Q

Onset for EDs?

A

BN & AN → late adolescence / early adulthood
BED → late 20s/early 30s

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16
Q

Lifetime prevalence of AN/BN?
AN → increase in risk for…?

A

AN → ~1-1.5%
BN → ~3%

AN → increase in risk for incidence risk of 15-19 yr old girls!

17
Q

Cohort effect? What does it effect most?

A
  • Certain cohort (in this case age group) has highest lifetime prevalence & risk for ED
  • affects women born after 1960
18
Q

Where are EDs most common??

A
  • industrialized nations
  • Americas / Europe
  • Asia: china, taiwan, korea, japan, singapore
19
Q

Groups of men most at risk for “classic” EDs?

A
  • gay men
  • wrestlers
  • body builders
  • jockeys
  • sport involves gaining & losing weight, focusing on body image & weight
20
Q

Possible alternative type of ED in men?

A
  • body dysphoric disorder
  • pressure to be muscular, rather than thin
  • compulsive weight lifting &/or steroid use
21
Q

Highest comorbidity for AN?
For BN?

A

AN → OCD, MDD
BN → AUD, MDD, PTSD

22
Q

Mortality AN?

A
  • 3% medical complications, starvation
  • suicide common, even if in remission
  • mortality 12X higher for AN than women W/O AN
23
Q

Mortality BN?

A
  • a lot less than AN
  • still more suicide attempts than gen pop
24
Q

Long term course:
AN 21 yr after diagnosis

A

really bad

  • 16% dead
  • 10% AN
  • 21% partial recovery
  • 51% full remission
25
Q

Long term course:
BN 10 yr after diagnosis

A
  • 70% remission
  • 30% BN
26
Q

__% of adolescents report feeling worse about their lives as a result of things they see on social media

A

67%

27
Q

What are some solutions? (ab social media / culture)

A
  • reduce internalization of the media
    → dissonance-based intervention is effective
  • interrupt social comparison process
  • questioning diet recommendations by influencer
  • better treatments
28
Q

Bio influences: Minnesota semi-starvation experiment? results?

A
  • WWII → people put on starvation diet to see their response
  • loss of weight led to…
    → extensive obsessions about food
    → compulsive eating rituals
  • these did not go away even when they returned to a healthy weight
  • something about food restriction results in obsession of food & body shape
29
Q

role of serotonin?

A
  • some people may have too much serotonin or overactive receptors
  • overactive receptors = anxiety, stress, negative mood
  • tryptophan → amino acid from food
    → essential for production of serotonin
    → dieting decreases tryptophan = decreases serotonin

diet = decreased serotonin = improved mood

restrict = improved mood

30
Q

Best risk factor / predictor for subsequent disordered eating?

A
  • shape & weight-related concerns
    (body dissatisfaction, negative self evaluation, undue importance of weight/shape on self evaluation)
31
Q

Family history (and genetic factors) account for __% of risk for ED?

A

40-60%

Psych 354 (10 decks)

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