Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The chemical and physiological process in the body that provides energy for the maintenance of life.
What is the primary fuel source in the human diet?
Carbohydrates
How many calories in one gram of carbohydrates?
4
What are three examples of simple carbohydrates?
fruits, syrups, honey, chocolate bar, etc.
What are three examples of complex carbohydrates?
potatoes, corn, rice, etc.
according to the institute of medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of carbohydrates?
45-65%
What is the glycemic index?
A number (1-100) given to determine the rate at which the carbohydrate is broken down into glucose. the lower the number the longer it takes to break down, and the higher the number the faster.
How many calories are there in one gram of fat?
9
According to the institute of medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of fat?
20-35%
(T/F)? fat is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
True
What are the four types of fatty acids?
saturated, monosaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans-fatty acids.
What are the two essential fatty acids?
linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3)
What is cholesterol?
A lipid or fat-related substance necessary for good health. It is a normal component of most body tissues, especially those of the brain and nervous system, liver, and blood.
(Low density = bad, High Density = good)
What is considered to be a healthy level cholesterol?
Less than 200 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter)
What is the total cholesterol ratio?
HDL + LDL / HDL = total cholesterol ratio
What is the range from normal cholesterol?
120 to 260 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter)
What is protein? what important role does it play in the body?
Protein is a substance containing nitrogen and is one of the most important elements for the maintenance of good health and vitality. It is of the primary importance in the growth and development of all body tissues and the major source of building material for muscles, blood, skin, hair, nails, and internal organs including the heart and brain.
How many calories are in one gram of protein?
4
According to the institute of medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of protein?
10-35%
What are vitamins?
Organic compounds required by the body in minute amounts for physiological maintenance and growth.
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
What are minerals?
Inorganic (non-living) nutrients found in the body and in food of organic and inorganic combinations. approximately 26 minerals have been found to be essential to human nutrition.
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
How many minerals are required in the diet?
21 minerals according to the FDA
