Chapter 3 Flashcards
Electronic transmission of signals for communications
Telecommunications
Any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device
Telecommunications medium
Set of rules, algorithms, messages, and other mechanisms that enable software and hardware in networked devices to communicate effectively
Networking protocol
Rate at which data is exchanged
Channel bandwidth
Classified by category: category 2, 3, 5, 5E, and 6
Twisted-pair wire
Offers cleaner and crisper data transmission (less noise) than twisted-pair wire
Coaxial cable
Transmits signals with light beams
Fiber-optic cable
Short-range wireless connectivity technology designed for cell phones and credit cards
Near field communication (NFC)
Wireless communications specification that describes how cell phones, computers, personal digital assistants, etc., can be interconnected
Bluetooth
Short-range communications that employs extremely short electromagnetic pulses lasting just 50 to 1,000 picoseconds(ground probing radar, automotive radar, sensors)
Ultra wideband (UWB)
Sends signals at a frequency of 300 GHz and above
Infrared transmission
Form of wireless communications frequently used in security systems and heating and cooling control systems
Zigbee
Uses multiple Wi-Fi access points to link a series of interconnected local area networks
Wireless mesh
Consists of communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices
Can transmit and receive information to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency
Computer network
All processing occurs in a single location or facility
Centralized processing
Processing devices are placed at various remote locations (independent)
Decentralized processing
Processing devices are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via a network (a decision maker decides where to process)
Distributed processing
Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions
Client/server architecture
Any computer that sends messages requesting services from the servers on the network
Client
Sends only the data that satisfies a specific query, not the entire file
Database Server
Combine data from multiple data sources into a single output signal that carries multiple channels
Multiplexers
Telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization
Private branch exchange (PBX)
uses the physical device address in each incoming message on the network
Switch(Hub)
forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations
Router(Bridge)
serves as an entrance to another network
Gateway
Systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network
Network operating system (NOS)
Locates telecommunications errors and potential network problems
Network management software
Converting an original message into a form that can only be understood by the intended receiver
Encryption
Variable value that is applied (using an algorithm) to a set of unencrypted text to produce encrypted text or to decrypt encrypted text
Encryption key
Enables each computer in the network to access the Internet
DSL modem
Filters the information coming from the Internet into your network
Firewall
Encrypts all wireless communications to keep your network secure
Router
Use of computing devices and networks so that employees can work effectively away from the office
Telecommuting
Need to be strongly self-motivated, organized, focused on their tasks with minimal supervision
Telecommuters
-Can link the computers of customers, manufacturers, and suppliers
-Eliminates the need for paper documents and substantially cuts down on costly errors
-uses a defined set of standards for transmitting business information that allows data to be interpreted correctly and instantly
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
