Chapter 2 Flashcards
-Formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
-A system
-Constantly uses money, people, materials, machines and other equipment, data, information, and decisions
Oraganization
Series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs to outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased.
Value Chain
primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services.
Supply Chain
Determines:
What supplies are required for value chain
What quantities are needed to meet customer demand
How supplies should be processed into finished goods and services
How shipment of supplies and products to customers should be scheduled, monitored, and controlled
Supply chain management (SCM)
Types of organizational structures
Traditional, Project, Team, Virtual
Hierarchy of decision making and authority flows:
From the strategic management at the top down to operational management and nonmanagement employees
Traditional organizational structure
Centered on major products or services
Many project teams are temporary
Project organizational structure
Centered on work teams or groups
Team can be temporary or permanent, depending on tasks
Team organizational structure
Uses individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas
Can reduce costs for an organization
Virtual organizational structure
Set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group
Culture
Major understandings and assumptions
Influences information systems
Organizational culture
How organizations plan for, implement, and handle change
Organizational change
Radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results
Reengineering
Constantly seeking ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services
Continuous improvement
Specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the information system
Technology acceptance model (TAM)
Measure of how widely technology is spread throughout an organization
Technology diffusion
Extent to which technology permeates(spread throughout) a department
Technology infusion
Contracting with outside professional services
Outsourcing
-Also called on-demand business or utility computing
-Resources are made available to users when required
-Rapidly responding to the organization’s flow of work as the need for computer resources varies
On-demand computing
Reducing number of employees to cut costs
Downsizing
A measure of output achieved divided by input required
Productivity
One measure of IS value
Investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in IS technology
Return on investment (ROI)
Ceasing old habits and creating a climate that is receptive to change
Unfrezzing
Learning new work methods, behaviors, and systems
Moving
Involves reinforcing changes to make the new process second nature, accepted, and part of the job
Refreezing
