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Psyco > Chapter 3-1 Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 3-1 Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic subdivisions of the Neuron?

A

Cell body (soma),
Dendrites
Axon

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2
Q

What are the neurons branching extensions known as?

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

What do the Dendrites do?

A

Collect information from other cells

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4
Q

What is a Perineuronal net?

A

A net that forms around neurons as they mature

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5
Q

What are Neural Networks?

A

Functional groups of neurons that connect wide areas of the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What are Dendritic spines?

A

Small protrusions on dendrites that increase dendritic area

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7
Q

What is the Axon Hillcock?

A

Where axons start on one end of the cell body

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8
Q

What is Branching of the Axon known as?

A

Axon collaterals

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9
Q

What are Telodendria?

A

The many branches that the axon divides into

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10
Q

What is at the end of the Telodendria?

A

The terminal button or end foot

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11
Q

Where does the Terminal button sit in relation to others cells?

A

It sits very close to but does not touch the dendritic spine of other cells

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12
Q

What is a Synapse?

A

The near connection between the Terminal button and the dendrite of another cell

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons?

A

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons

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14
Q

What is the function of Sensory neurons?

A

Conduct information from sensory receptors in or on the body into the spinal cord and brain

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15
Q

What is the function of Interneurons?

A

Associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS

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16
Q

What is the function of Motor Neurons?

A

Carry information from the brain and spinal cord out to the body’s muscles

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17
Q

What are the simplest of the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

What are the components of Bipolar neurons?

A

A single short dendrite on one side of the body and a single short axon on the other side

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19
Q

What is the function of Bipolar neurons?

A

They transmit afferent sensory information from the retina’s light receptors to neurons that carry information to the brains visual centers

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20
Q

What are the two types of Sensory neurons?

A

Bipolar Neurons and Somatosensory Neurons

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21
Q

What is the function of the Somatosensory neuron?

A

Brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord

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22
Q

Describe Somatosensory neurons structurally?

A

The dendrite connects directly to the axon so the cell body sits off to the side

23
Q

What is another name for Interneurons and why?

A

Association cells because they link up sensory and motor neurons

24
Q

Why does the number of interneurons matter?

A

Larger brains have many more interneurons than smaller brains which means there is a correlation between interneuron number and brain complexity

25
Describe the structure of Pyramidal cell
A long axon, a pyramid shaped cell body and two sets of dendrites. One set from each side of the cell body and one set from from the apex of the cell body
26
What is the function of Pyramidal cells?
Carry information from the cortex to the rest of the brain and spinal cord
27
Describe the shape of Purkinje cells
Extremely branched dendrites that form a branch shape
28
What is the function of Purkinje cells?
Carry information from the cerebellum to the rest of the spinal cord
29
What are the two types of Interneurons?
Pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells
30
Describe the general structure of Motor Neurons?
Extensive dendritic networks, large cell bodies and long axons that connect to muscles
31
Where do motor neurons reside?
In the lower brainstem and spinal cord
32
How do Neurons sum inputs?
If excitatory inputs exceed inhibitory inputs it spurs it into action
33
What do Glial cells do?
They support the neurons by providings nutrients and protection
34
What are the 5 types of Glial cells?
``` Ependymal cells Astrocytes Microglial cells Oligodendroglial Schwann cells ```
35
What is the Structure of Ependymal Glial cells?
Round shaped
36
What is the Function of Ependymal Glial cells?
Secrete cerebrospinal fluid
37
What is the Structure of Astrocyte Glial cells?
Star shaped
38
What is the Function of Astrocyte Glial cells?
Contributes to neuronal nutrition, support, and repair. Contributes to forming blood-brain barrier and healing scarring after injury
39
What is the Structure of Microglial cells?
Small and they are derived from blood
40
What is the Function of Microglial cells?
Remove dead tissue
41
What is the Function of Oligodendroglial cells?
Form myelin around CNS axons in brain and spinal cord
42
What is the Function of Schwann cells?
Wrap around peripheral nerves to form myelin
43
What type of cells line the walls of ventricles?
Ependymal cells
44
What do Ependymal cells produce?
Cerebrospinal fluid
45
What are the functions of CSF?
Shock absorber, carries away waste products, assists the brain in maintaining temperature, and a source of nutrients
46
What do Astrocytes attach to?
They attach to blood vessels and the brains lining forming scaffolding that holds neurons in place and provide pathways for nutrients from the blood to the neuron
47
How do Astroglial contribute to the blood brain barrier?
They attach to blood vessels causing them to be tightly bound together to prevent substances from entering
48
How do Astrocytes enhance brain activity?
When the brain requires more fuel, astrocytes signal neurons to signal blood vessels to dilate and increase oxygen and glucose carrying blood to flow
49
Where do Microglia originate?
In the blood
50
What do Microglia do?
They identify damaged brain cells, they invade the area to provide growth factors that aid in repair. They also attack foreign tissue
51
What two kinds of Glial cells insulate axons?
Schwann cells and Oligodendroglia
52
What is the function of Myelin?
They prevent cells from short circuiting and they allow signals to be sent much faster
53
Where do Oligodendroglia myelinate axons?
In the CNS
54
Where do Schwann cells myelinate axons?
In the PNS

Psyco (12 decks)

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