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Psyco > Chapter 3-1 Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 3-1 Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic subdivisions of the Neuron?

A

Cell body (soma),
Dendrites
Axon

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2
Q

What are the neurons branching extensions known as?

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

What do the Dendrites do?

A

Collect information from other cells

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4
Q

What is a Perineuronal net?

A

A net that forms around neurons as they mature

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5
Q

What are Neural Networks?

A

Functional groups of neurons that connect wide areas of the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What are Dendritic spines?

A

Small protrusions on dendrites that increase dendritic area

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7
Q

What is the Axon Hillcock?

A

Where axons start on one end of the cell body

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8
Q

What is Branching of the Axon known as?

A

Axon collaterals

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9
Q

What are Telodendria?

A

The many branches that the axon divides into

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10
Q

What is at the end of the Telodendria?

A

The terminal button or end foot

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11
Q

Where does the Terminal button sit in relation to others cells?

A

It sits very close to but does not touch the dendritic spine of other cells

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12
Q

What is a Synapse?

A

The near connection between the Terminal button and the dendrite of another cell

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons?

A

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons

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14
Q

What is the function of Sensory neurons?

A

Conduct information from sensory receptors in or on the body into the spinal cord and brain

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15
Q

What is the function of Interneurons?

A

Associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS

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16
Q

What is the function of Motor Neurons?

A

Carry information from the brain and spinal cord out to the body’s muscles

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17
Q

What are the simplest of the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

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18
Q

What are the components of Bipolar neurons?

A

A single short dendrite on one side of the body and a single short axon on the other side

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19
Q

What is the function of Bipolar neurons?

A

They transmit afferent sensory information from the retina’s light receptors to neurons that carry information to the brains visual centers

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20
Q

What are the two types of Sensory neurons?

A

Bipolar Neurons and Somatosensory Neurons

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21
Q

What is the function of the Somatosensory neuron?

A

Brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord

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22
Q

Describe Somatosensory neurons structurally?

A

The dendrite connects directly to the axon so the cell body sits off to the side

23
Q

What is another name for Interneurons and why?

A

Association cells because they link up sensory and motor neurons

24
Q

Why does the number of interneurons matter?

A

Larger brains have many more interneurons than smaller brains which means there is a correlation between interneuron number and brain complexity

25
Q

Describe the structure of Pyramidal cell

A

A long axon, a pyramid shaped cell body and two sets of dendrites. One set from each side of the cell body and one set from from the apex of the cell body

26
Q

What is the function of Pyramidal cells?

A

Carry information from the cortex to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

27
Q

Describe the shape of Purkinje cells

A

Extremely branched dendrites that form a branch shape

28
Q

What is the function of Purkinje cells?

A

Carry information from the cerebellum to the rest of the spinal cord

29
Q

What are the two types of Interneurons?

A

Pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells

30
Q

Describe the general structure of Motor Neurons?

A

Extensive dendritic networks, large cell bodies and long axons that connect to muscles

31
Q

Where do motor neurons reside?

A

In the lower brainstem and spinal cord

32
Q

How do Neurons sum inputs?

A

If excitatory inputs exceed inhibitory inputs it spurs it into action

33
Q

What do Glial cells do?

A

They support the neurons by providings nutrients and protection

34
Q

What are the 5 types of Glial cells?

A 
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Oligodendroglial
Schwann cells
35
Q

What is the Structure of Ependymal Glial cells?

A

Round shaped

36
Q

What is the Function of Ependymal Glial cells?

A

Secrete cerebrospinal fluid

37
Q

What is the Structure of Astrocyte Glial cells?

A

Star shaped

38
Q

What is the Function of Astrocyte Glial cells?

A

Contributes to neuronal nutrition, support, and repair. Contributes to forming blood-brain barrier and healing scarring after injury

39
Q

What is the Structure of Microglial cells?

A

Small and they are derived from blood

40
Q

What is the Function of Microglial cells?

A

Remove dead tissue

41
Q

What is the Function of Oligodendroglial cells?

A

Form myelin around CNS axons in brain and spinal cord

42
Q

What is the Function of Schwann cells?

A

Wrap around peripheral nerves to form myelin

43
Q

What type of cells line the walls of ventricles?

A

Ependymal cells

44
Q

What do Ependymal cells produce?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

Shock absorber, carries away waste products, assists the brain in maintaining temperature, and a source of nutrients

46
Q

What do Astrocytes attach to?

A

They attach to blood vessels and the brains lining forming scaffolding that holds neurons in place and provide pathways for nutrients from the blood to the neuron

47
Q

How do Astroglial contribute to the blood brain barrier?

A

They attach to blood vessels causing them to be tightly bound together to prevent substances from entering

48
Q

How do Astrocytes enhance brain activity?

A

When the brain requires more fuel, astrocytes signal neurons to signal blood vessels to dilate and increase oxygen and glucose carrying blood to flow

49
Q

Where do Microglia originate?

A

In the blood

50
Q

What do Microglia do?

A

They identify damaged brain cells, they invade the area to provide growth factors that aid in repair. They also attack foreign tissue

51
Q

What two kinds of Glial cells insulate axons?

A

Schwann cells and Oligodendroglia

52
Q

What is the function of Myelin?

A

They prevent cells from short circuiting and they allow signals to be sent much faster

53
Q

Where do Oligodendroglia myelinate axons?

A

In the CNS

54
Q

Where do Schwann cells myelinate axons?

A

In the PNS

Psyco (12 decks)

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