Chapter 29: The Fetal Genitourinary System

Question 1

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the:

Answer 1

neuroblastoma

Question 2

The keyhole sign would be seen in all of the following situations except:
A. urethral atresia
B. prune belly syndrome
C. autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease
D. posterior urethral valves

Answer 2

C. autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

Question 3

The lying down adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except:
A. unilateral renal agenesis
B. bilateral renal agenesis
C. Potter syndrome
D. megacystis

Answer 3

D. megacystis

Question 4

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines:

Answer 4

ambiguous genitalia

Question 5

Cloacal exstrophy is asociated with all of the following except:
A. omphalocele
B. spina bifida
C. encephalocele
D. imperforate anus

Answer 5

C. encephalocele

Question 6

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood:

Answer 6

Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

Question 7

Bladder exstrophy describes:

Answer 7

external position of bladder

Question 8

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy?
A. unilateral renal agenesis
B. bilateral renal agenesis
C. pelvic kidney
D. horseshoe kidneys

Answer 8

A. unilateral renal agenesis

Question 9

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts?
A. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
B. obstructive cystic dysplasia
C. hydronephrotic syndrome
D. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Answer 9

D. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Question 10

The lying down adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of:

Answer 10

renal agenesis

Question 11

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is:

Answer 11

hydronephrosis

Question 12

What best describes hypospadias?

Answer 12

An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

Question 13

The keyhole sign describes the sonographic findings of

Answer 13

enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

Question 14

What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder?

Answer 14

megacystic

Question 15

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses?

Answer 15

Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Question 16

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes:

Answer 16

horseshoe kidneys

Question 17

What syndrome is associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly?

Answer 17

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome

Question 18

OEIS complex is also known as

Answer 18

cloacal exstrophy

Question 19

Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to a dilated:

Answer 19

renal pelvis and calyces

Question 20

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the:

Answer 20

pelvis

Question 21

Pyelectasis refers to:

Answer 21

dilation of renal pelvis

Question 22

Prune belly syndrome is caused by:

Answer 22

an enlarged bladder

Question 23

All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except:
A. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
B. unilateral renal agenesis
C. bilateral renal agenesis
D. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Answer 23

B. unilateral renal agenesis

Question 24

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is:

Answer 24

ADPKD

Question 25

Having more than the normal number of digits is:

Answer 25

polydactlyly

Question 26

Cryptorchidism:

Answer 26

undescended testicles

Question 27

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction (UVJ) would lead to a dilation of:

Answer 27

ureters and renal collecting system

Question 28

Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the

Answer 28

pelvis

Question 29

Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly?
A. horseshoe kidney
B. pelvic kidneys
C. renal agenesis
D. duplex collecting system

Answer 29

D. duplex collecting system

Question 30

Failure of the kidneys to form:

Answer 30

renal agenesis