chapter 27 fetal heart and chest

Question 1

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle

Answer 1

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 2

A group of anomalies characterized by small or absent right ventricle

Answer 2

hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Question 3

All of the following are sonographic signs of ebstein anomaly except:
A) enlarged right atrium
B) fetal hydrops
C)narrowing of the aortic arch
D) malpositioned tricuspid valve

Answer 3

narrowing of the aortic arch

Question 4

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of

Answer 4

coarctation of the aorta

Question 5

an echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen withing the:

Answer 5

left ventricle

Question 6

an echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of :

Answer 6

trisomy 21

Question 7

the most common cause of cardiac malposition is:

Answer 7

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 8

a separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

Answer 8

pulmonary sequestraion

Question 9

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is:

Answer 9

rhabdomyoma

Question 10

all of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of cantrell except:
A) omphalocele
B) gastroschsis
C) cleft sternum
D) diaphragmatic defect

Answer 10

gastroschisis

Question 11

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

Answer 11

pleural effusion

Question 12

The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed:

Answer 12

ectopic cordis

Question 13

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:

Answer 13

foramen of bochdalek

Question 14

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is an:

Answer 14

triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

Question 15

The embryonic heart begins as:

Answer 15

two tubes

Question 16

Tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except:
A. Overriding Aortic Root
B. Ventricular Septal Defect
C. Pulmonary Stenosis
D. Left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 16

left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 17

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:

Answer 17

a lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Question 18

The visualzation of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of::

Answer 18

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 19

The sonographic “bat wing” sign is indicative of:

Answer 19

pleural effusion

Question 20

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts:

Answer 20

the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

Question 21

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

Answer 21

lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

Question 22

Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following:

Answer 22

tuberous sclerosis

Question 23

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect:
A) hypoplastic right heart syndrome
B) transposition of the great vessels
C) hypoplastic left heart syndrome
C) ventricular septal defect
D) ventricular septal defect

Answer 23

ventricular septal defect

Question 24

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial spetum:

Answer 24

foramen ovale

Question 25

Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbinical vein by what structure:

Answer 25

ductus venosus

Question 26

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart:
A) The ventricular septum should be uninterrutped and of equal thickness to the left ventricle wall
B) There is a normal opening within the atrial septum
C) Between the right ventricle and right atrium, one should vsiualize the tricuspid valve
D) The mitral valve is positioned closer to the caridac apex than the tricuspid valve

Answer 26

the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Question 27

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart:
A) The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline
B) The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine
C) The normal fetal heart will fill approximately two third of the fetal chest
D) The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Answer 27

the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Question 28

The fetal heart is fully formed by:

Answer 28

10 weeks

Question 29

A co-existing pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of

Answer 29

fetal hydrops

Question 30

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels:
A. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle
B. The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
C. The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein
D. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis

Answer 30

***The book has :the aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle
HOWEVER, I think the correct answer is B. The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle