Chapter 29-31 Animal Diversity And Vertebrates Flashcards
Phylum for vertebrates
Chordata
What was required for animals to make the transition from water to land?
- lungs were required, evolved from swim bladder of ray finned fishes
- allowed them to breathe oxygen when water was shallow, they used oxygen from air instead of passing water through gills
Adaptations for moving to land
- modified vertebrae: structural support resist the pull of the gravity with the help of vertebra connecting in the vertebral column
- limbs: evolved from jointed fins of lobed-finned fishes, homologous structure with vertebrate limbs, helped move through shallow water
- amniotic egg: developed waterproof eggshells so they don’t dry out and keeps embryo surrounded by fluid
What 4 body structures are characteristic of chordates? What does each become in vertebrate species
- Notochord: rod of tissue extending from head to tail and becomes the backbone.
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord, a nerve cord that extends from head to toe develops into nervous system
- Pharyngeal slits: slits where water is passes in, in order to breathe and feed . All chordates have then Turned into gills in aquatic animals and terrestrial lost them
- Post-anal tail: tail that extends beyond posterior and of the digestive system. Turns into tails in animals humans have them during embryonic development
What 2 traits separate the vertebrates from other chordates
- they have a backbone which developed from notochord
- their head is located at the front (anterior)
The evolution of jaws and fins resulted in a large diversity of vertebrae species. Why are these traits advantageous?
- fins: drives fish forward, and they could steer and stop so they could swim rapidly and weave around
- jaws: their jaws could catch prey and chew them
What 4 traits allowed vertebrates to become terrestrial? What problem did each trait solve
- modified vertebrae that resisted gravity
- limbs: helped move through shallow water
- amniotic egg: eggs did not dry out
- lungs: allowed them to breathe air
How do the eggs of amphibians differ from those produce by reptiles?
- amphibians don’t have amniotic eggs they may in water to prevent them from drying out
- reptiles have amniotic eggs that have hard shells and are paper like
Though terrestrial, why are amphibians still reliant on the presence of water
-they do not have amniotic eggs so they lay their eggs in water so that their eggs will survive and then they develop legs lungs and digestive system
What other purposes did feathers possibly serve other than flight?
-feathers showed behavioral displays such as courtship, aggression territory, and insulation
What is the difference between being endothermic and being ectothermic
- endothermic use internal generated heat to maintain their body temperature regardless of environment
- ectotherms depend on external heat sources and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment
What 2 traits do all mammals have in common?
All mammals have hair and mammary glands to nurse their offspring
Why can’t viviparity be used as a defining characteristic for all mammals?
Viviparity is live birth instead of laying eggs. Not all mammals do this, platypus and echidnas are mammals but lay eggs
How do the 3 groups of mammals differ from each other? Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placentals
- Monotrrmes: produce milk without nipples, offspring suck milk from their skin
- marsupials: the young complete development in a pouch
- placentals: females have a placenta that provided o2 and nutrients to embryo and removes waste from embryo
Describe the characteristics found in primates that can be traced back to an aboreal ancestor?
- forward directed eyes and binocular vision
- shoulder and elbow joints allowed for rotation of arms
- 10 fingers and 10 toes
