Chapter 29-31 Animal Diversity and Invertebrates

Question 1

What traits are characteristic of all animals?

Answer 1

• heterotrophic( get energy by consuming others)
• ability to move at some point in their life
• multicellular: body parts are specialized for specific tasks, sensory organs

Question 2

4 key distinctions that are used to separate animals into the different phyla?

Answer 2

1. Specialized cells forming defined tissues(the only phylum w/ out tissues is Porifera)
2. Symmetry: all animals have symmetry, radial-no from or back multiple planes of symmetry, bilateral-left & right sides mirror images of each other only 1 plane of symmetry, head first is an advantage
3. Gut development: bilateral, protosmes mouth first anus last, deuterons times anus first mouth second
4. Organism’s growth: molting- shedding of exoskeleton at regular intervals and replaced with a larger one, continuous growth- adding to the body size with continuous addition to skeletal elements

Question 3

Invertebrates

Answer 3

• animals without backbones
• echinoderms
• Arthropods
• roundworms
• mollusks
• annelids
• flatworms
• Cnidarians
• sponges

Question 4

Phylum: porifera

Answer 4

• sponges
• lack tissues and organs
• filter feeders
• can regenerate

Question 5

Phylum: Cnidaria

Answer 5

• jellyfish
• hydras
• corals
• sea anemones
• sessile polyp, free floating Medusa
• tentacles have stinging cells cnidocytes

Question 6

Phylum: plathymenthines

Answer 6

• flatworms
• tapeworms and flukes
• no body cavity acoelomate

Question 7

Phylum: nematoda

Answer 7

• roundworms
• not segmented
• pseudocoelomate
• parasitic

Question 8

Phylum: Annelida

Answer 8

• earthworms, polychaete worms, leeches
• segmented
• bilateral symmetry
• coelomate

Question 9

Phylum: mollusca

What are the classes?

Answer 9

-gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods
-shell
-mantle
-muscular foot
Classes: Gastropoda, bivalvia, cephalopoda

Question 10

Phylum: Arthropoda

Answer 10

-crustaceans, insects, millipedes and centipedes, arachnids
-tagmata, jointed legs, exoskeleton,
Class: Arachnida(spiders/scorpions)
Subphylum: Myriapoda- classes: diplopoda (millipedes) chilipoda (centipedes)
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: insects

Question 11

Phylum: Enchinodermata

Answer 11

-sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
-cubed feet, water vascular system, hard spiny skin
Class: Asteroidia (seas stars)predators they push stomach into food can regenerate
Class: ophuroidea (brittle stars) tube feet have no suction, flexible arms, arms more distinct from central disc, internal organs are in disc
Class: echinoidea- Sea urchins-oral/aboral, Aristotle’s lantern, Sand dollars are covered in sounds have tube feet extended through pores
Class: holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) discharge sticky threads, can shoot out guts and regenerate them