Chapter 29 Flashcards
round, three denominational object, the surface of which is same distance from the center in all directions.
sphere
an elongated, closed curve with two foci
ellipse
is Earth a perfect sphere?
No the diameter around the equator is longer than pole to pole
What are some ancient observations that proves the earth is sphere?
The earths shadow on the eclipse is curved
People on different sides of the planet see different stars
What are two factors that effect Gravitational strength?
Masses and distance
which diameter is longer pole to pole of equator?
Equator
What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?
Harmful Solar radiation
Which hemisphere is the south magnetic pole located in?
The Northern hemisphere
What degrees does earths axis tilt?
11.7 Degrees
Can magnetic poles change?
Yes
What is the large scale of movement where the magnetic poles switch?
Magnetic reversal
How often does the magnetic reversals recur?
In 200,000
Which part Earths magnetic field Deflects harmful radiation from the sun?
magnetosphere
What are the Two scientific names for the northern and southern lights?
Aurora borealis and Aura Australis
How are the Auroras Created?
Elitricalliy- charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light?
When is earth closest to the sun?
Early January 147 million km
When is Earth farthest from the sun?
Jily 152 million km
An area 15 degrees wide in which the time zone is the time is The same.
Time Zone
The spinning of the earth on it’s axis, an imaginary line from the Earths north pole to it’s south.
Rotation
The motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun.
Revolution
The plane Earths orbit around the sun.
Ecliptic
Occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun.
Solstice
When Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drown from the center Of earth to the center of the sun.
Equinox
who devised a method of timekeeping around 3,000 B.C.
The Babylonians
What was the symbol for degree taken from?
The sun
How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?
360 degrees
What direction does the sun rise?
east
True of False. All time zones are the exact same size?
False, they are modified to fit around cities , states, and country borders, and other key sited.
How many time zones are in the world?
24
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
west
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
East
How many zones are in the U.S?
six
What are the name of time zones?
Atlantic, pacific, mountain, eastern and central.
What is a solar day?
The movement of the sun one noon to one day to the next noon the next day.
What is a sidereal day?
What are the two main reasons for seasons?
revolution and the tilt of the axis.
Which 2 seasons have a solstice?
Summer and winter
which month is the summer solstice?
June 21st
Which month is the winter solstice?
December 21st
Which two seasons are equinoxes?
Fall and Spring
Which month is the spring equinox?
March 21st
Which month is the fall equinox?
September 23
When is the longest day of the year?
summer solstice June 21st
When is the shortest day of the year?
the winter solstice
When are the days almost 12 hours and 12 hours of the night?
the equinoxes
How many hours does it take for the earth to make a full rotation?
24 hours
Which direction does the sun set in?
West
A rise or fall in the ocean surface
Tide
reflects the change in appearance in the moon seen from earth
moon phase
occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and Earth and casts a shadow on earth
Soar eclipse
lunar eclipse
occurs when the Earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon
maria
The dark colored lava filled regions on the moons surface
regolith
A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions asteroids and comets and the moon
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around the earth?
27.3
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days what is it called?
synodic month
do we ever see the black side of the moon?
no
What causes a tide to rise and fall?
Gravitational pull by the sun and the moon
What is a rise of sea level called?
high tide
After the sea level rises how many hours does to take for the sea level to drop?
six hours
Which is farther from the earth the sun or the moon?
the sun
Does the sun or the moon cause a greater effect on earths tide?
the moon
How are the sun the earth and the moon aligned during a spring tide eclipse?
Straight sun earth moon
How are the sun the earth and the moon aligned during a neap tide?
90 degree angle
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
The position of the Earth moon and sun relative to one anouther
when does a new moon occur?
When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun
What is the definition of a waxing moon?
The illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night
What is the definition of the waning phase?
The illuminated portion of the moon gets smaller and smaller
What are the moon phasing names?
New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waxing crescent.
Where is the word month derived from?
the same root word as moon
How are the sun the earth and the moon aligned during a solar eclipse?
sun, moon earth
How are the sun the earth and the moon aligned during a lunar eclipse?
sun earth moon
What is an umbra?
The darkest portion of the moons shadow
What is a penumbra?
the shadow cast by the earth or moon over an area experiencing a partial eclipse. The lightest part of the moon
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
When asteroids meteorites and comments collide.
Are there mountains on the moon?
yes
Which side of the moon is thicker?
the dark side of the moon
Is the mantle of the moon solid or liquid?
solid
What did the clementine spacecraft do?
confirmed that the crust on the side facing earth is much thinner than the far side and provided information on the mineral content of Moon rocks
What did the lunar prospector do?
Took photographs of the surface, confirmed that the moon has a small iron-rich core and collected evidence of water on the moon
What is the giant impact theory?
that a mars size object collided with earth that sent debree that created a large mass called the moon
How many phases of the moon are there?
eight
