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Physical Science > Ch 26 > Flashcards

Ch 26 Flashcards

1
Q

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powered form

A

streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating smooth parallel sides

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break unevenly have a

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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6
Q

molten rock material inside earth

A

magma

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7
Q

A mineral is ________ ________ _______

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust?

A

Oxygen an silicone

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9
Q

what does inorganic mean?

A

Material that in non-living

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10
Q

What does arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

the way it breaks, how hard it is, and the crystal shape

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11
Q

What are the ways to identify mineral?

A

Luster, Fracture, cleavage, streak, Crystal shape, atomic arrangement, Hardness

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12
Q

What are two types of luster?

A

Metallic and non-metallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Very easily like meatal

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

appears like glass and/or earthy waxy

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15
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

rubbing a mineral on a unglazed white or black porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs Scale of hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

1-10

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19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

Six

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20
Q

Minerals grow from the _________

A

inside out

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21
Q

What are three ways a mineral can form?

A

Molten rock, hot water, evaporation

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22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates and non silicates

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23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant?

A

Silicate

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24
Q

What elements are silicates made of?

A

silicon and oxygen

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25
Non silicates do not contain which element?
silicon
26
What is used to make glass?
Quartz
27
is naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash?
Rock
28
How are rocks defined?
Composition and texture
29
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
Shape size and the arrangement of the rocks components
30
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
within the earths crust
31
What type of molten rocks does intrusive igneous rocks form?
magma
32
What is the name of the sires that illustrates stimulants crystallization of silicate?
Bowens reaction series
33
What are the three types of magma?
mafic felsic and intermediate
34
What magma type has low silica content?
mafic
35
Which type of magma has high silica content?
felsic
36
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
oceanic crust deep conditional
37
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
oceanic
38
Which type of igneous rock has coarse grained texture?
intrusive
39
Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?
extrusive
40
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
quickly
41
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
vesicalur and porfectric
42
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
vesicaular
43
Which texture is the type with two different crystals sizes because of different cooling rates?
porphyritic
44
Which type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?pumice
pumice
45
small rock and mineral fragments are
class
46
what types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?
water, wind, and other forces
47
What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
move to new locations
48
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
49
The empty space in between the grains is calle
pore space
50
The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
compaction
51
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process
cementation
52
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
53
What is another name for clasts?
Detritus
54
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
detrital sedimentary rock
55
What is the decreasing size of clasts?
56
which clasts size would be deposited first?
57
What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?
58
How are chemical sedentary rocks formed?
59
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?
60
what are two common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
limestone and coral
61
What are the three types of sedimentary rock?
clastic, organic and chemical
62
metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things?
Heat pressure and chemical reactions
63
Which types of rocks can be changed by a metamorphism?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
64
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
65
When shale is compressed , which type metamorphic rock is created?
slate
66
What are the two types of metamorphic textures?
foliated and non foliated
67
the crystals are arranged in layers and bands
foliated
68
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
texture and composition
69
the continental changing from one type of rock to another
Rock cycle
70
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
sedimentary igneous and metamorphic
71
what are three types of rocks?
sedimentary igneous and metamorphic
72
Which types of rocks form from molten rock?
igneous
73
Which types of rocks form from clasts, participation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary
74
Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
metamorphic
75
What can form from hot water, evaporation or molten rock?
minerals
76
crystals are randomly placed
nonfoliated
77
which types of rocks form from clasts precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary rocks

Physical Science (7 decks)

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