Ch 26 Flashcards
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
Mineral
The color of a mineral in powered form
streak
When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating smooth parallel sides
Cleavage
minerals that break unevenly have a
Fracture
The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching
Hardness
molten rock material inside earth
magma
A mineral is ________ ________ _______
naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form
what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust?
Oxygen an silicone
what does inorganic mean?
Material that in non-living
What does arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
the way it breaks, how hard it is, and the crystal shape
What are the ways to identify mineral?
Luster, Fracture, cleavage, streak, Crystal shape, atomic arrangement, Hardness
What are two types of luster?
Metallic and non-metallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
Very easily like meatal
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
appears like glass and/or earthy waxy
How do you perform a streak test?
rubbing a mineral on a unglazed white or black porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Scale of hardness
What is the number range on Mohs Scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
Six
Minerals grow from the _________
inside out
What are three ways a mineral can form?
Molten rock, hot water, evaporation
What are the two mineral groups?
Silicates and non silicates
Which mineral group is the most abundant?
Silicate
What elements are silicates made of?
silicon and oxygen
Non silicates do not contain which element?
silicon
What is used to make glass?
Quartz
is naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash?
Rock
How are rocks defined?
Composition and texture
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
Shape size and the arrangement of the rocks components
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
within the earths crust
What type of molten rocks does intrusive igneous rocks form?
magma
What is the name of the sires that illustrates stimulants crystallization of silicate?
Bowens reaction series
What are the three types of magma?
mafic felsic and intermediate
What magma type has low silica content?
mafic
Which type of magma has high silica content?
felsic
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
oceanic crust deep conditional
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
oceanic
Which type of igneous rock has coarse grained texture?
intrusive
Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?
extrusive
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
quickly
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
vesicalur and porfectric
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
vesicaular
Which texture is the type with two different crystals sizes because of different cooling rates?
porphyritic
Which type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?pumice
pumice
small rock and mineral fragments are
class
what types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?
water, wind, and other forces
What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
move to new locations
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
The empty space in between the grains is calle
pore space
The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
compaction
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process
cementation
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
What is another name for clasts?
Detritus
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?
detrital sedimentary rock
What is the decreasing size of clasts?
which clasts size would be deposited first?
What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?
How are chemical sedentary rocks formed?
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?
what are two common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
limestone and coral
What are the three types of sedimentary rock?
clastic, organic and chemical
metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things?
Heat pressure and chemical reactions
Which types of rocks can be changed by a metamorphism?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
When shale is compressed , which type metamorphic rock is created?
slate
What are the two types of metamorphic textures?
foliated and non foliated
the crystals are arranged in layers and bands
foliated
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
texture and composition
the continental changing from one type of rock to another
Rock cycle
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
sedimentary igneous and metamorphic
what are three types of rocks?
sedimentary igneous and metamorphic
Which types of rocks form from molten rock?
igneous
Which types of rocks form from clasts, participation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary
Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
metamorphic
What can form from hot water, evaporation or molten rock?
minerals
crystals are randomly placed
nonfoliated
which types of rocks form from clasts precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
sedimentary rocks
