Chapter 28 Flashcards
a layer extending an average of 12 km above earths surface Whether takes place in this layer
Troposphere
it occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable
Temperature Inversion
a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
Greenhouse Effect
How are the atmospheric layers classified?
Temperature and composition
What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?
nitrogen 78%
Which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?s
oxygen
What is the remaining 1 % in the atmosphere made up of?
Trace gases The majority is Aragon
Within the Troposphere dose the temperature increase or decrease with allude?
decrees
How many layers are there in the atmosphere?
five
what are the names of the layers closes to the surface going up?
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere
Which layer is the ozone found in?
Stratosphere
within the stratosphere dose temperature increase or decrease with altitude
increase
Does temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere with altitude?
lower decreases higher increases
Do the Thermosphere and expouser effect weather
no
Where does 100% of solar radiation come from?
The sun
What percent of solar radiation is adsorbed by earths surface?
50%
What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of earths surface?
5%
What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?
20%
What percentage of solar radiation is reflected by partials in the atmosphere?
25%
What are the three basic cloud types?
Stratus, Cumulus, and cirrus
Describe Stratus clouds
Layered, sheet like
Describe cumulus clouds
puffy
Describe cirrus
wispy,
what are all the steps of the water cycle
Precipitation, runoff, infiltration, transpertation, infiltration
a narrow bond of fast moving, high altitude air
jet stream
the apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation
Coriolis effect
a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
air mass
weather fronts
the zones air masses interact
How many jet streams are in the world?
Four
How many pressure systems are there?
Two
what are low pressure systems also known as?
A Low (L)
Which direction does a low rotate?
Counterclockwise
what are some results of a low pressure system?
Air rises ,clouds form, and creates precipitation
What is a high pressure system also known as?
A High(H)
Which direction does a High rotate?
clockwise
what are some results of a high pressure system?
Air sinks creating clear sky’s
What are the four weather fronts?
Cold, Warm, Stationary and occluded
How are cold fronts created?
Cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner
what is the symbol for a cold front on a weather forecast?
blue triangle
how are warm fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
what is the symbol for a warm front on a weather forecast
red semi-circles
How is a Stationary Front created
Cold and warm air meets and stays
haw long can stationary fronts last?
fuor days
what is the symbol for a stationary front on a weather forecast
alternating red triangle and blue semicircle
what is the symbol for a occluded front on a weather forecast
purple triangles and semicircles
How is a occlude front created
fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
A climate that is strongly affected by the ocean
Maritime Climate
A climate that is not directly affected by the ocean
Continental climate
it blows from over the water toward the land in afternoon when the land is warmer than the water
Sea breeze
What is climate?
The long term average of whether conditions
What is wheather?
The day to day outside conditions
What are the five spheres that make up earth?
Atmosphere, Biosphere, cryosphere, Hydrosphere, and lithosphere
What is the Atmosphere?
The air that is around us
What is the biosphere?
Anything that is living
What is the hydrosphere?
anything that includes water
What is the cryosphere?
Anything that includes frozen water
What is the Lithosphere?
Earth’s outermost layer
What is the primary factor that influences climate at any location?
Latitude
Where is solar radiation most intense on earths location?
The equator
At what degrees do the sun rays hit the Earths tropical zones ?
23 degrees
At which degrees do the sun rays hit Earth in the temprate zones
45°
At which angle do the sun rays hit the polar zones?
30°
Which zone is Lama Co located?
Temperate
What other factors determine climate?
Precipitation, Monitions in that area, And bodies of water
What is the windward side conditions like?
cold, wet and lots of vegetation
What are the conditions like on the leeward side?
warm and dry, little to no vegetation
What is a land breeze?
When wind blows from land to sea when the land is colder than the water.
Which climate zone and what type of vegetation does lamar Co have?
warm and semi-arid and grassland
An increase in the average of temperatures of earth’s near-surface air and oceans
global warming
The warming of the pacific ocean off the coast of the western South America that occurs every 3-10 years
El Nino
occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
la Nina
What are two changes that Earth’s climate undergos?
Seasonal(short term) and drastic(long term)
How do seasonal changes occur?
How earth revolves around the sun
Which hemisphere experiences summer?
the hemisphere that is tilted towards the sun
What was the period called when most of earths surface was covered in ice?
The ice age
How long ago did the earth’s reach it’s current pattern?
3000 years ago
What are some factors that can cause climate change?
A tilt in Earths axis, the shape of orbis and the distance from the sun
What can effect earths atmosphere?
energy consumption, deforestation and industrial and agriculture practices
What is deforestation?
The clearing of large areas in forest land?
How does deforestation effect climate change?
Trees remove carbon dioxide,
