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physical science > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Troposphere

A

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth´s surface.

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2
Q

Temperature Inversion

A

Occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable.

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3
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

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4
Q

What is the atmosphere mainly made up of???????

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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5
Q

How are the atmospheres divided into different layers?????????

A

They are divided into layers based on differences in composition and temperature.

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere???????

A

Oxygen (21%)

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7
Q

What is the one remaining percent in the atmosphere????????

A

Trace Gases (majority is Argon)

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8
Q

Within the troposphere does the temperature increase or decrease in the atmosphere??????????????

A

The temperature decreases.

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9
Q

How many layers are in the atmosphere??????

A

There exactly 5 layers.

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10
Q

What are the names of those layers??????????????(from earth to highest)

A

Troposphere,Stratosphere,Mesosphere, Thermosphere,Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the Ozone found in?????????????????

A

The Ozone is found in the second layer (Stratosphere).

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12
Q

In the Stratosphere does the temperature decrease or increase with altitude??????????

A

Increase

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease in the mesosphere??????????

A

Decreases in the lower parts of the mesosphere, but in the higher parts it increases.

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14
Q

Does the thermosphere and Exosphere impact our weather??????????????

A

No

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15
Q

What percent of solar radiation gets absorbed by Earth´s surface???????????

A

50%

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16
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth´s surface??????

A

5%

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere??????

A

20%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation reflected back by clouds and other particles?????????

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic cloud types??????

A

Stratus,Cumulus, and Cirrus

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20
Q

What are layered, sheet like clouds associated with rain??????????

A

Stratus clouds

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21
Q

What are puffy in shape and occur in fair weather??????????

A

Cumulus clouds

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22
Q

What are wispy, high-altitude clouds??????????

A

Cirrus clouds

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23
Q

What are the steps to the water cycle??????

A

Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, Infiltration

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24
Q

Jet Stream

A

A narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitude air.

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25
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth´s rotation.

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26
Q

Air Mass

A

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.

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27
Q

Weather Fronts

A

Air masses that interact in zones.

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28
Q

How many jet streams are there????????????????

A

There are 4 jet streams

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29
Q

How many pressure systems are there??????????

A

There are 2 pressure systems

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30
Q

What is a low pressure system known as??????????

A

Low (L)

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31
Q

Which direction does the low pressure system flow?????????????????????

A

Counterclockwise

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32
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system????????????

A

Since air rises clouds will form and precipitation can happen.

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33
Q

What is a high pressure system known as??????????

A

High (H)

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34
Q

what is the air flow for high systems????

A

clockwise

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35
Q

What are some results of a high pressure system????????????

A

It will cause the air to sink which results in clear skies.

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36
Q

What are the four weather fronts????????????

A

Cold Fronts
Warm Fronts
Stationary Fronts
Occluded Fronts

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37
Q

How are cold fronts created?????????????

A

Cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner.

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38
Q

What represents a cold front on a forecast???????????????

A

Blue Triangles

39
Q

How are warm fronts created????????????????

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air.

40
Q

What represents a warm front on a forecast??????????????

A

Red Half Circles

41
Q

How are stationary fronts created????????????????????????

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances over the other.

42
Q

What represents a stationary front on a forecast??????????????

A

Both Red Half Circles and Blue Triangles

43
Q

How are occluded fronts created?????????????????

A

A fast-moving front overtakes a slow warm front.

44
Q

What represents a occluded front on a forecast??????????????

A

Purple Alternate Half Circles and Triangles

45
Q

Maritime Climate

A

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean.

46
Q

Continental Climate

A

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

47
Q

Sea Breeze

A

The water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water.

48
Q

What is Climate???????????

A

The long term average of weather conditions.

49
Q

What is Weather??????????????????

A

Day to Day outside conditions.

50
Q

What are the five Spheres that make up Earths system??????????????????

A 
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Cryosphere
51
Q

What is the Atmosphere????????????????????????

A

Includes the air around us.

52
Q

What is the Biosphere???????????????????????

A

Everything living or organic.

53
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?????????????????

A

Liquid water

54
Q

What is the Cryosphere?????????????????????

A

Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers.

55
Q

What is the Lithosphere???????????????????????????????

A

Earths outermost layer.

56
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given moment??????????????????

A

Latitude

57
Q

At which location does Earth receive the most intense radiation??????????????????

A

Equator

58
Q

At what degrees does the sun raise hit Earth in the tropic zone???????????

A

90 degrees

59
Q

At what degrees does the sun raise hit Earth in the Temperate zone???????????

A

45 degrees

60
Q

At what degrees does the sun raise hit Earth in the polar zone???????????

A

30 degrees

61
Q

Which of these zones would Lamar fall under??????????????

A

Temperate Zone

62
Q

What are other factors that determine climate????????????????

A

Precipitation, Mountains, Water

63
Q

What is it like on a windward side of a mountain????????????????

A

The air is cool and wet and there is a lot of vegetation.

64
Q

What is it like in a Leeward side of a mountain?????????????????????

A

Warm and dry, little to no vegetation.

65
Q

What is land breeze??????????????????????????

A

Air blowing from land to water. ( This happens during Night)

66
Q

In Lamar Colorado what climate zone are we in?????????????

A

Warm Semi-arid

67
Q

In Lamar Colorado what vegetation do we have?????????????

A

Grassland

68
Q

Global Warming

A

An increase in the average temperatures on Earth.

69
Q

El Nino

A

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years.

70
Q

La Nina

A

Occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder.

71
Q

What are the 2 changes the Earths climate undergo????????????

A

Seasonal

Long-Term

72
Q

How do seasonal changes happen???????????????????

A

They happen due to the Earth revolving around the sun.

73
Q

In general which hemisphere is in summer??????????????????

A

Which ever one is tilted towards the sun.

74
Q

What is the period called when the Earths surface was covered in a sheet of ice?????????????????????????????

A

Ice Age

75
Q

How long ago did the world climate change reach its current pattern.

A

3,000 years ago

76
Q

What are some factors that can change climate???????????????????

A

The tilt in Earths access, The Earths shape, and The distance from the sun.

77
Q

How do humans effect climate????????????????????

A

Consumption of Energy
Deforestation
Industrial and Agricultural Practice

78
Q

What is deforestation????????????????????????

A

Its clearing of large area of trees.

79
Q

What are 2 ways the carbon cycle can be affected???????????????

A

deforestation and loss of vegetation.

80
Q

What are the two factors that affect gravitational pull???????????????

A

Masses of each object and the distance between them.

81
Q

Which diameter pole to pole through the equator is the greatest??????

A

The Equator (12,756)

82
Q

What does the magnetic field protect earth from?????????????/

A

Radiation from the Sun

83
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?????????????????

A

The south magnetic pole

84
Q

At what degrees is Earth axis tilted at?????????????????

A

11.7 degrees

85
Q

Do the magnetic poles switch???????????????????????

A

Yes

86
Q

What are the large scale movements called where the magnetic poles reverse????????????????????????????????????

A

Magnetic Reversals

87
Q

How often do Magnetic reversals occur????????????????

A

every 200,000 years

88
Q

When did the last Magnetic Reversal occur?????????????????????

A

780,000 years ago

89
Q

What part of Earth´s magnetic field protects Earth from the sun???????

A

Magnetosphere

90
Q

What are the two scientific names for northern lights and southern lights?????????????????????

A

Northern Lights- Aurora Borealis

Southern Lights- Aurora Australis

91
Q

How are the Auroras created???????????????????????

A

Electrically charged particles from the sun collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light.

92
Q

What month are we closest to the sun????????????????????

A

January (147 million km away)

93
Q

What month are we furthest from the sun????????????????????

A

July (152 million km away)

physical science (7 decks)

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