Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physical science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The color of a mineral powdered form.

A

Streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating set of smooth parallel sides.

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.

A

Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching.

A

Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Molten Rock material inside Earth.

A

Magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A mineral is??????

A

A mineral is a natural occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth´s crust?

A

Oxygen and Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Materials that are not living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral??

A

The arrangement of the atoms and the bonds between them can reflect the way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it has.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A 
Luster
Streak
Cleavage
Hardness
Fracture
Atomic Arrangement
Crystal Shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of luster???

A

Nonmetallic and Metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light???

A

Very easily or like metal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?????

A

A glass like shine or appear earthy or waxy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you perform a streak test??????

A

A streak test is performed by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals??????

A

Fracture or Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral????

A

Mohs Hardness Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness???????

A

1-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there???????

A

Six crystal shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Minerals grow from the????

A

Inside out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form??????

A

Molten Rock
Evaporation
Hot Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the mineral groups????

A

Silicates

Non-silicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth´s crust??????

A

Silicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What elements are Silicates made up of????

A

Oxygen

Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element??????

A

Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass???????

A

Quartz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define Rock????

A

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How are rocks identified??

A

By their composition and texture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock???

A

Size, Shape, and Arrangements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form???

A

Within the Earth´s crust.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of molten rock intrusive igneous rock form from???

A

Magma

32
Q

What was the name of the series that illustrates simulations crystallization of silicate minerals??

A

Bowen´s reaction series

33
Q

What are 3 types of magma????

A

Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic

34
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content?????

A

Mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content??????

A

Felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz??

A

Continental Crust

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz??

A

Oceanic and Deep Continental Crust

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture???

A

Intrusive Igneous Rock

39
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly??

A

Quickly

40
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture????

A

Extrusive Igneous Rock

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types of extrusive igneous rock????

A

Vesicular and Porphyritic

42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?????

A

Vesicular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates???

A

Porphyritic

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture???????

A

Pumice

45
Q

Define Clasts

A

Small rock and mineral fragments

46
Q

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth´s surface exposed to???

A

Water, Wind, and Other forces

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported???

A

Being moved to one location to another

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited???

A

Drop off

49
Q

Define Pore Space

A

Empty space between the grains (clasts)

50
Q

Define Compaction

A

The process by which clasts stick together due to weight or overlaying material

51
Q

Define Cementation

A

Minerals precipitate slowly out of water solution and crystallize in between clasts

52
Q

How are Sedimentary rocks formed??????

A

Clasts will be present, they will be compact water will be moving through the pore space causing cementation

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?????

A

Detritus

54
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts????

A

Detrital Sedimentary Rock

55
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts??????

A

Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay

56
Q

Which clast size would be deposited first???

A

Gravel, because its the heaviest material

57
Q

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?????

A

Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, and Shale

58
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?????

A

Form from water that contains dissolved solids, mineral crystals precipitate out of solution through evaporation

59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called????

A

Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

60
Q

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?????

A

Limestone and Coal

61
Q

What are 3 types of sedimentary rock?????

A

Biochemical, Chemical, And Detrital

62
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things???

A

Heat
Pressure
Chemical Reactions

63
Q

Which type of rocks can be changed by metamorphism????

A

Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas????

A

Regional Metamorphism

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes????

A

Contact Metamorphism

66
Q

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created???

A

Slate

67
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?????

A

Foliated

Nonfoliated

68
Q

Define foliated texture????

A

Foliated rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.

69
Q

Define nonfoliated texture?????

A

Nonfoliated rocks have crystals with more random orientation.

70
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things???????

A

Texture and Composition

71
Q

Define Rock Cycle???

A

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another.

72
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle???????

A

Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock

73
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock

74
Q

Which type of rocks form from molten rock??????

A

Igneous Rock

75
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter???????

A

Sedimentary Rock

76
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions????

A

Metamorphic Rock

77
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock???????

A

Minerals

physical science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions