Chapter 26 Flashcards
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Mineral
The color of a mineral powdered form.
Streak
When a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating set of smooth parallel sides.
Cleavage
Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.
Fracture
The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching.
Hardness
Molten Rock material inside Earth.
Magma
A mineral is??????
A mineral is a natural occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth´s crust?
Oxygen and Silicon
What does inorganic mean?
Materials that are not living.
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral??
The arrangement of the atoms and the bonds between them can reflect the way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it has.
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster Streak Cleavage Hardness Fracture Atomic Arrangement Crystal Shape
What are the two types of luster???
Nonmetallic and Metallic
How does metallic luster reflect light???
Very easily or like metal.
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?????
A glass like shine or appear earthy or waxy.
How do you perform a streak test??????
A streak test is performed by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile.
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals??????
Fracture or Cleavage
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral????
Mohs Hardness Scale
What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness???????
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there???????
Six crystal shapes
Minerals grow from the????
Inside out
What are the 3 ways minerals can form??????
Molten Rock
Evaporation
Hot Water
What are the mineral groups????
Silicates
Non-silicates
Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth´s crust??????
Silicate
What elements are Silicates made up of????
Oxygen
Silicon
Nonsilicates do not contain what element??????
Silicon
What mineral is used to make glass???????
Quartz
Define Rock????
A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass.
How are rocks identified??
By their composition and texture.
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock???
Size, Shape, and Arrangements.
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form???
Within the Earth´s crust.
What type of molten rock intrusive igneous rock form from???
Magma
What was the name of the series that illustrates simulations crystallization of silicate minerals??
Bowen´s reaction series
What are 3 types of magma????
Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic
Which magma type has a low silica content?????
Mafic
Which magma type has a high silica content??????
Felsic
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz??
Continental Crust
Which type of crust has little to no quartz??
Oceanic and Deep Continental Crust
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture???
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly??
Quickly
Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture????
Extrusive Igneous Rock
What are the two specific texture types of extrusive igneous rock????
Vesicular and Porphyritic
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?????
Vesicular
Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates???
Porphyritic
What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture???????
Pumice
Define Clasts
Small rock and mineral fragments
What types of erosion are rocks on Earth´s surface exposed to???
Water, Wind, and Other forces
What does it mean if clasts are being transported???
Being moved to one location to another
What does it mean if clasts are being deposited???
Drop off
Define Pore Space
Empty space between the grains (clasts)
Define Compaction
The process by which clasts stick together due to weight or overlaying material
Define Cementation
Minerals precipitate slowly out of water solution and crystallize in between clasts
How are Sedimentary rocks formed??????
Clasts will be present, they will be compact water will be moving through the pore space causing cementation
What is another name for clasts?????
Detritus
What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts????
Detrital Sedimentary Rock
What is the decreasing size of clasts??????
Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay
Which clast size would be deposited first???
Gravel, because its the heaviest material
What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?????
Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, and Shale
How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?????
Form from water that contains dissolved solids, mineral crystals precipitate out of solution through evaporation
If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called????
Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?????
Limestone and Coal
What are 3 types of sedimentary rock?????
Biochemical, Chemical, And Detrital
Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things???
Heat
Pressure
Chemical Reactions
Which type of rocks can be changed by metamorphism????
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas????
Regional Metamorphism
What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes????
Contact Metamorphism
When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created???
Slate
What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?????
Foliated
Nonfoliated
Define foliated texture????
Foliated rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.
Define nonfoliated texture?????
Nonfoliated rocks have crystals with more random orientation.
Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things???????
Texture and Composition
Define Rock Cycle???
The continual changing of rocks from one type to another.
Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle???????
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Igneous rock
Which type of rocks form from molten rock??????
Igneous Rock
Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter???????
Sedimentary Rock
Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions????
Metamorphic Rock
What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock???????
Minerals
