Chapter 26 Flashcards by Zachary Snider

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

Mineral

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The color of a mineral powdered form.

Streak

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When a mineral breaks along a preferred planes of weakness creating set of smooth parallel sides.

Cleavage

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Minerals that break with irregular surfaces.

Fracture

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The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching.

Hardness

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Molten Rock material inside Earth.

Magma

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A mineral is??????

A mineral is a natural occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.

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What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth´s crust?

Oxygen and Silicon

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What does inorganic mean?

Materials that are not living.

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What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral??

The arrangement of the atoms and the bonds between them can reflect the way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of crystal shape it has.

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What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

Luster
Streak
Cleavage
Hardness
Fracture
Atomic Arrangement
Crystal Shape

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What are the two types of luster???

Nonmetallic and Metallic

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How does metallic luster reflect light???

Very easily or like metal.

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How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?????

A glass like shine or appear earthy or waxy.

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How do you perform a streak test??????

A streak test is performed by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile.

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What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals??????

Fracture or Cleavage

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What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral????

Mohs Hardness Scale

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What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness???????

1-10

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How many different crystal shape systems are there???????

Six crystal shapes

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Minerals grow from the????

Inside out

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What are the 3 ways minerals can form??????

Molten Rock
Evaporation
Hot Water

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What are the mineral groups????

Silicates

Non-silicates

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Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth´s crust??????

Silicate

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What elements are Silicates made up of????

Oxygen

Silicon

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Nonsilicates do not contain what element??????

Silicon

What mineral is used to make glass???????

Quartz

Define Rock????

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass.

How are rocks identified??

By their composition and texture.

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock???

Size, Shape, and Arrangements.

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form???

Within the Earth´s crust.

What type of molten rock intrusive igneous rock form from???

Magma

What was the name of the series that illustrates simulations crystallization of silicate minerals??

Bowen´s reaction series

What are 3 types of magma????

Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic

Which magma type has a low silica content?????

Mafic

Which magma type has a high silica content??????

Felsic

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz??

Continental Crust

Which type of crust has little to no quartz??

Oceanic and Deep Continental Crust

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture???

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly??

Quickly

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture????

Extrusive Igneous Rock

What are the two specific texture types of extrusive igneous rock????

Vesicular and Porphyritic

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?????

Vesicular

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates???

Porphyritic

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture???????

Pumice

Define Clasts

Small rock and mineral fragments

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth´s surface exposed to???

Water, Wind, and Other forces

What does it mean if clasts are being transported???

Being moved to one location to another

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited???

Drop off

Define Pore Space

Empty space between the grains (clasts)

Define Compaction

The process by which clasts stick together due to weight or overlaying material

Define Cementation

Minerals precipitate slowly out of water solution and crystallize in between clasts

How are Sedimentary rocks formed??????

Clasts will be present, they will be compact water will be moving through the pore space causing cementation

What is another name for clasts?????

Detritus

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts????

Detrital Sedimentary Rock

What is the decreasing size of clasts??????

Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay

Which clast size would be deposited first???

Gravel, because its the heaviest material

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?????

Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, and Shale

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?????

Form from water that contains dissolved solids, mineral crystals precipitate out of solution through evaporation

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called????

Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?????

Limestone and Coal

What are 3 types of sedimentary rock?????

Biochemical, Chemical, And Detrital

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things???

Heat Pressure Chemical Reactions

Which type of rocks can be changed by metamorphism????

Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas????

Regional Metamorphism

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes????

Contact Metamorphism

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created???

Slate

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?????

Foliated | Nonfoliated

Define foliated texture????

Foliated rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands.

Define nonfoliated texture?????

Nonfoliated rocks have crystals with more random orientation.

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things???????

Texture and Composition

Define Rock Cycle???

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another.

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle???????

Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Igneous rock

What are the 3 types of rocks?

Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Igneous rock

Which type of rocks form from molten rock??????

Igneous Rock

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter???????

Sedimentary Rock

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions????

Metamorphic Rock

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock???????

Minerals