Ch 27.1 and Ch 27.2

Question 1

The process that involves the physical and chemical breakdown of materials on Earth´s surface.

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

Answer 2

Soil

Question 3

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Answer 3

Erosion

Question 4

When the erosional agent slows down, it drops this sediment load in a process.

Answer 4

Deposition

Question 5

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Answer 5

Sediment Transport

Question 6

The land that gathers water for a major river.

Answer 6

Drainage Basin

Question 7

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

Answer 7

Longshore Current

Question 8

Do rocks weather at the same rate??????

Answer 8

Rock Type

Landscape

Question 9

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather??????

Answer 9

Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

Question 10

What are the two types of weathering???????

Answer 10

Physical Changes

Chemical Changes

Question 11

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering????????

Question 12

What type of change happens with chemical weathering???????

Question 13

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering??????????

Answer 13

Frost Wedging
Biological Activity
Collisions

Question 14

What causes frost wedging???????????

Answer 14

Frost wedging occurs when water collects in the cracks of rock and then freezes.

Question 15

What is the cycle called during frost wedging???????????

Answer 15

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Question 16

What causes biological activity??????

Answer 16

Plants and Animals

Question 17

What causes weathering during collisions?????

Question 18

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by????????

Answer 18

Oxygen

Water

Question 19

What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen????????????

Answer 19

The process chemical reaction is called oxidation.

Question 20

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water????????

Answer 20

The process chemical reaction is called hydrolysis

Question 21

What is parent material????

Answer 21

Where soil comes from.

Question 22

How many soil horizons are there??????

Answer 22

There are 6 soil horizons

Question 23

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon?????????

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What are the specific soil horizons??????

Answer 24

O, A, E, B, C, R

Question 25

What does the first soil horizon contain????????

Answer 25

Organic Material

Question 26

What is the second horizon mostly made up of????????

Answer 26

Mostly Minerals

Question 27

Which layer does leaching occur?????

Answer 27

Horizon E

Question 28

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons???????????

Answer 28

Horizon B

Question 29

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock???????

Answer 29

Horizon C

Question 30

Which layer is unweathered bedrock????????

Answer 30

Horizon R

Question 31

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?????????

Answer 31

O and A

Question 32

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil???????????

Answer 32

E and B

Question 33

Which soil horizons make up the true soil??????????

Answer 33

O, A, E, B

Question 34

What is the difference between Weathering and Erosion?

Answer 34

Weathering- The Breakdown of materials. | Erosion- Removal of surface material

Question 35

When the slope of a river decreases what happens to the rivers speed?

Answer 35

It also decreases.

Question 36

What are small streams called that flow into larger rivers?????

Answer 36

Tributaries

Question 37

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river??????

Answer 37

Drainage Basin

Question 38

What is the boundary called that separates distinctive drainage basins??

Answer 38

Drainage Divide

Question 39

As water flows downhill under influence of gravity, water erodes earth´s surface creating???????

Answer 39

Channels

Question 40

What shape does young river carve out of earths surface due to the fast movement???

Answer 40

V-shaped

Question 41

What types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?????

Answer 41

Mature

Question 42

When rivers flood and drop their sediment load???

Answer 42

Flood Plains

Question 43

What is fan-shaped sediment deposited at the mouth of a river????

Answer 43

Deltas

Question 44

What are distributaries???????

Answer 44

The branching channels created by Deltas

Question 45

What is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land????

Answer 45

Alluvial Fans

Question 46

What are the two types of glaciers?

Answer 46

Valley Glaciers | Continental Glaciers

Question 47

Where do valley glaciers form???

Answer 47

Form In high, mountainous regions.

Question 48

Where do continental glaciers form???????

Answer 48

Colder climates and they occupy large land areas.

Question 49

Where are the two continental glaciers located?????

Answer 49

One in Greenland and Antarctica.

Question 50

What is a cirque??????

Answer 50

Bowl Shaped Basin.

Question 51

What is a arete?????

Answer 51

Form were 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridge line.

Question 52

What is a horn in a mountainous region??????

Answer 52

Sharpened Peaks.

Question 53

What shape of valley do valley glaciers form???????

Answer 53

They create U-shaped valleys.

Question 54

What are tributary glaciers?????

Answer 54

Small glaciers that feed into large glaciers.

Question 55

What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form????????

Answer 55

Create hanging valleys.

Question 56

On which side of a dune does Erosion accrue?????

Answer 56

Windward

Question 57

On which side of a dune does Deposition accrue?????

Answer 57

Leeward

Question 58

What is Deflation????

Answer 58

The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind.

Question 59

What is Desert Pavement??????????

Answer 59

When small particles are removed, the remaining surface.

Question 60

Due to wind what does the shape and sizes of land forms depend on??????

Answer 60

Wind Speed Amount of time the wind blows Sediment Supply

Question 61

What are three land forms created by wave erosion???????

Answer 61

Coastal Cliffs Sea Arches Sea Stacks

Question 62

What are two land forms created from wave deposition????

Answer 62

Sand Bars | Sand Spits

Question 63

What are Sand Bars???????

Answer 63

Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline.

Question 64

What are Sand Spits??????

Answer 64

Sand Bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in hook shape.

Question 65

What are somethings that can trigger Mass Wasting???????

Answer 65

Snow Heavy Rains Earthquakes Human Activity

Question 66

What are examples of Mass Wasting??????

Answer 66

Rock Slides Mudflows Landslides