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physical science > Ch 27.1 and Ch 27.2 > Flashcards

Ch 27.1 and Ch 27.2 Flashcards

1
Q

The process that involves the physical and chemical breakdown of materials on Earth´s surface.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

A

Soil

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3
Q

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Erosion

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4
Q

When the erosional agent slows down, it drops this sediment load in a process.

A

Deposition

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5
Q

The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Sediment Transport

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6
Q

The land that gathers water for a major river.

A

Drainage Basin

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7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.

A

Longshore Current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate??????

A

Rock Type

Landscape

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9
Q

What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather??????

A

Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

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10
Q

What are the two types of weathering???????

A

Physical Changes

Chemical Changes

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11
Q

What type of change happens with mechanical weathering????????

A
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12
Q

What type of change happens with chemical weathering???????

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering??????????

A

Frost Wedging
Biological Activity
Collisions

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14
Q

What causes frost wedging???????????

A

Frost wedging occurs when water collects in the cracks of rock and then freezes.

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15
Q

What is the cycle called during frost wedging???????????

A

Freeze-Thaw Cycles

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16
Q

What causes biological activity??????

A

Plants and Animals

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17
Q

What causes weathering during collisions?????

A
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18
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by????????

A

Oxygen

Water

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19
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen????????????

A

The process chemical reaction is called oxidation.

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20
Q

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water????????

A

The process chemical reaction is called hydrolysis

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21
Q

What is parent material????

A

Where soil comes from.

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22
Q

How many soil horizons are there??????

A

There are 6 soil horizons

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23
Q

True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon?????????

A

False

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24
Q

What are the specific soil horizons??????

A

O, A, E, B, C, R

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25
Q

What does the first soil horizon contain????????

A

Organic Material

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26
Q

What is the second horizon mostly made up of????????

A

Mostly Minerals

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27
Q

Which layer does leaching occur?????

A

Horizon E

28
Q

Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons???????????

A

Horizon B

29
Q

Which layer is partially weathered bedrock???????

A

Horizon C

30
Q

Which layer is unweathered bedrock????????

A

Horizon R

31
Q

Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?????????

A

O and A

32
Q

Which soil horizons make up the subsoil???????????

A

E and B

33
Q

Which soil horizons make up the true soil??????????

A

O, A, E, B

34
Q

What is the difference between Weathering and Erosion?

A

Weathering- The Breakdown of materials.

Erosion- Removal of surface material

35
Q

When the slope of a river decreases what happens to the rivers speed?

A

It also decreases.

36
Q

What are small streams called that flow into larger rivers?????

A

Tributaries

37
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river??????

A

Drainage Basin

38
Q

What is the boundary called that separates distinctive drainage basins??

A

Drainage Divide

39
Q

As water flows downhill under influence of gravity, water erodes earth´s surface creating???????

A

Channels

40
Q

What shape does young river carve out of earths surface due to the fast movement???

A

V-shaped

41
Q

What types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?????

A

Mature

42
Q

When rivers flood and drop their sediment load???

A

Flood Plains

43
Q

What is fan-shaped sediment deposited at the mouth of a river????

A

Deltas

44
Q

What are distributaries???????

A

The branching channels created by Deltas

45
Q

What is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land????

A

Alluvial Fans

46
Q

What are the two types of glaciers?

A

Valley Glaciers

Continental Glaciers

47
Q

Where do valley glaciers form???

A

Form In high, mountainous regions.

48
Q

Where do continental glaciers form???????

A

Colder climates and they occupy large land areas.

49
Q

Where are the two continental glaciers located?????

A

One in Greenland and Antarctica.

50
Q

What is a cirque??????

A

Bowl Shaped Basin.

51
Q

What is a arete?????

A

Form were 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridge line.

52
Q

What is a horn in a mountainous region??????

A

Sharpened Peaks.

53
Q

What shape of valley do valley glaciers form???????

A

They create U-shaped valleys.

54
Q

What are tributary glaciers?????

A

Small glaciers that feed into large glaciers.

55
Q

What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form????????

A

Create hanging valleys.

56
Q

On which side of a dune does Erosion accrue?????

A

Windward

57
Q

On which side of a dune does Deposition accrue?????

A

Leeward

58
Q

What is Deflation????

A

The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind.

59
Q

What is Desert Pavement??????????

A

When small particles are removed, the remaining surface.

60
Q

Due to wind what does the shape and sizes of land forms depend on??????

A

Wind Speed
Amount of time the wind blows
Sediment Supply

61
Q

What are three land forms created by wave erosion???????

A

Coastal Cliffs
Sea Arches
Sea Stacks

62
Q

What are two land forms created from wave deposition????

A

Sand Bars

Sand Spits

63
Q

What are Sand Bars???????

A

Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline.

64
Q

What are Sand Spits??????

A

Sand Bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in hook shape.

65
Q

What are somethings that can trigger Mass Wasting???????

A

Snow
Heavy Rains
Earthquakes
Human Activity

66
Q

What are examples of Mass Wasting??????

A

Rock Slides
Mudflows
Landslides

physical science (7 decks)

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