Ch 27.1 and Ch 27.2 Flashcards
The process that involves the physical and chemical breakdown of materials on Earth´s surface.
Weathering
A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.
Soil
The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.
Erosion
When the erosional agent slows down, it drops this sediment load in a process.
Deposition
The removal of surface material through the process of weathering.
Sediment Transport
The land that gathers water for a major river.
Drainage Basin
The movement of water parallel to the shoreline.
Longshore Current
Do rocks weather at the same rate??????
Rock Type
Landscape
What are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather??????
Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
What are the two types of weathering???????
Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
What type of change happens with mechanical weathering????????
What type of change happens with chemical weathering???????
What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering??????????
Frost Wedging
Biological Activity
Collisions
What causes frost wedging???????????
Frost wedging occurs when water collects in the cracks of rock and then freezes.
What is the cycle called during frost wedging???????????
Freeze-Thaw Cycles
What causes biological activity??????
Plants and Animals
What causes weathering during collisions?????
What are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by????????
Oxygen
Water
What is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen????????????
The process chemical reaction is called oxidation.
What is the chemical process called that is caused by water????????
The process chemical reaction is called hydrolysis
What is parent material????
Where soil comes from.
How many soil horizons are there??????
There are 6 soil horizons
True or False. All soils contain every soil horizon?????????
False
What are the specific soil horizons??????
O, A, E, B, C, R
What does the first soil horizon contain????????
Organic Material
What is the second horizon mostly made up of????????
Mostly Minerals
Which layer does leaching occur?????
Horizon E
Which horizon collects materials from previous horizons???????????
Horizon B
Which layer is partially weathered bedrock???????
Horizon C
Which layer is unweathered bedrock????????
Horizon R
Which soil horizons make up the topsoil?????????
O and A
Which soil horizons make up the subsoil???????????
E and B
Which soil horizons make up the true soil??????????
O, A, E, B
What is the difference between Weathering and Erosion?
Weathering- The Breakdown of materials.
Erosion- Removal of surface material
When the slope of a river decreases what happens to the rivers speed?
It also decreases.
What are small streams called that flow into larger rivers?????
Tributaries
What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river??????
Drainage Basin
What is the boundary called that separates distinctive drainage basins??
Drainage Divide
As water flows downhill under influence of gravity, water erodes earth´s surface creating???????
Channels
What shape does young river carve out of earths surface due to the fast movement???
V-shaped
What types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes?????
Mature
When rivers flood and drop their sediment load???
Flood Plains
What is fan-shaped sediment deposited at the mouth of a river????
Deltas
What are distributaries???????
The branching channels created by Deltas
What is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land????
Alluvial Fans
What are the two types of glaciers?
Valley Glaciers
Continental Glaciers
Where do valley glaciers form???
Form In high, mountainous regions.
Where do continental glaciers form???????
Colder climates and they occupy large land areas.
Where are the two continental glaciers located?????
One in Greenland and Antarctica.
What is a cirque??????
Bowl Shaped Basin.
What is a arete?????
Form were 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridge line.
What is a horn in a mountainous region??????
Sharpened Peaks.
What shape of valley do valley glaciers form???????
They create U-shaped valleys.
What are tributary glaciers?????
Small glaciers that feed into large glaciers.
What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form????????
Create hanging valleys.
On which side of a dune does Erosion accrue?????
Windward
On which side of a dune does Deposition accrue?????
Leeward
What is Deflation????
The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind.
What is Desert Pavement??????????
When small particles are removed, the remaining surface.
Due to wind what does the shape and sizes of land forms depend on??????
Wind Speed
Amount of time the wind blows
Sediment Supply
What are three land forms created by wave erosion???????
Coastal Cliffs
Sea Arches
Sea Stacks
What are two land forms created from wave deposition????
Sand Bars
Sand Spits
What are Sand Bars???????
Land forms that are parallel to the shoreline.
What are Sand Spits??????
Sand Bars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in hook shape.
What are somethings that can trigger Mass Wasting???????
Snow
Heavy Rains
Earthquakes
Human Activity
What are examples of Mass Wasting??????
Rock Slides
Mudflows
Landslides
