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physical science > chapter 28 > Flashcards

chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above earth’s surface

A

troposhere

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2
Q

when air temperature increases with altitude and the air become stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

green house effect

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4
Q

How are the earth’s atmospheric layers divided?

A

They are based off of composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas found in the atmosphere?

A

oxygen (21%)

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7
Q

What is the other 1% of the gasses called?

A

Trace gasses (mainly argon)

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8
Q

in the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

It decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

5 layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers starting closest to Earth’s surface?

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

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11
Q

What layer is the ozo layer found in?

A

the second one (the stratosphere)

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12
Q

Does the temperate increase of decrease with higher altitude

A

It increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease within the mesosphere

A

decreases until it gets to a higher level then it starts to increase again

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14
Q

does the thermosphere and the exosphere impact weather?

A

no

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15
Q

what percentage of of solar radiation is absorbed by earth’s surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

what percent of solar radiation is reflected off of earth’s surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

what percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

what percent of solar radiation is reflected back by particles in the atmosphere

A

25%

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19
Q

what are the three basic cloud types.

A

stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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20
Q

explain stratus clouds.

A

stratus clouds are layered, sheet-like clouds associated with rain.

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21
Q

explain cumulus clouds.

A

Cumulus clouds are puffy in shape and occur in fair weather.

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22
Q

Explain cirrus clouds.

A

cirrus clouds are wispy, high-altitude clouds.

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23
Q

jet stream

A

a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air

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24
Q

coriolis effect

A

the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

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25
Q

air mass

A

a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

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26
Q

weather fronts

A

air masses interact in zones called _____?

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27
Q

Is there only one jet stream in the world?

A

No, there are 4

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28
Q

how many pressure systems are there?

A

There are 2

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29
Q

what is the low pressure system also known as?

A

A low

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30
Q

what direction does a low system pressure flow?

A

counterclockwise

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31
Q

what are some results that a low pressure system cause?

A

Air rises. clouds form, and creates precipitation

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32
Q

what is a high pressure system also known as?

A

A high

32
Q

what is a high pressure system also known as?

A

A high

33
Q

what do high pressure systems cause?

A

air sinks, causing clear skies

34
Q

what are the four weather fronts?

A

cold front, warm front, stationary front, occluded front

35
Q

what causes a cold front?

A

cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner, forming cumulus clouds

36
Q

what is a cold front represented by on the news?

A

they are represented by blue triangles

37
Q

how are warm fronts created?

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

38
Q

what is the warm front represented as on the news?

A

half looking circles

39
Q

how are stationary fronts created?

A

cold and warm air masses meet and neither from advances

40
Q

how are stationary fronts represented on the news?

A

alternated semi red circles blue triangles

41
Q

how is an occluded front created?

A

a fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

42
Q

how are occluded front represented on the news

A

purple semi circle and triangles

43
Q

maritime climate

A

a climate strongly affected by an ocean

44
Q

continental climate

A

a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

45
Q

sea breeze

A

blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon when the land is warmer than the water

46
Q

What is climate?

A

a long-term average of weather conditions

47
Q

what is weather?

A

the day to day outside conditions

48
Q

what are the 5 spheres that make up Earth’s system ?

A

Atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

49
Q

what is the atmosphere?

A

the air around us

50
Q

what is the biosphere?

A

everything that is organic

51
Q

what is the hydrosphere?

A

liquid water

52
Q

what is the crysophere?

A

frozen water in snow, ice and glaciers

53
Q

what is the lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

54
Q

what is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?

A

latitude

55
Q

where is the solar radiation most intense on Earth?

A

the equator

56
Q

at what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface at the tropic zone

A

90 degrees

57
Q

at what degrees does sun rays hit earths surface at the temperate zone

A

45 degrees

58
Q

what degrees do the sun rays

A
59
Q

what degrees do the sun rays hit the polar zones

A

30 degrees

60
Q

what zone are we located in?

A

temperate zone

61
Q

what other factors determine climate?

A

precipitation, mountains, and water

62
Q

what is the windward like in a mountain range?

A

the air is cool and wet with a lot of vegetation

63
Q

what is the leeward side like in a mountain range?

A

warm and dry and little to no vegetation

64
Q

global warming

A

an increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans

65
Q

El Nino

A

the warming of the pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years

66
Q

La Nina

A

occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

67
Q

what are two climate changes that Earth undergoes?

A

seasonal and long term changes

68
Q

how do seasonal changes happen?

A

it revolves around the sun

69
Q

which hemisphere is in summer

A

the hemisphere that it tilted toward the sun

70
Q

which hemisphere is in winter

A

the hemisphere tilted way from the sun

71
Q

what is the period of time when earths surface was covered in ice?

A

an ice age

72
Q

how long ago did the current climate did the world reach its current pattern ?

A

3,000 years ago

73
Q

what are some factors that cause climate change?

A

tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation, the shape it its orbit, and the timing of the seasons

74
Q

how do humans create climate change

A

energy consumption, deforestation, industrial and agricultural practices

75
Q

what is deforestation

A

the clearing of large areas of forest land

76
Q

what are the two ways the carbon cycle is effected?

A

deforestation and loss of vegetation

77
Q

sphere

A

a round, three-dimensional object

physical science (8 decks)

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