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physical science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

A long, narrow depression

A

rift valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide

A

Convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent

A

Subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

Divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

A type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

Transform plate boundary

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7
Q

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

A

A fault

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9
Q

The sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

A

Elastic rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake

A

Focus

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11
Q

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the continent drift theory? (hypothesis)

A

Alfred Wegener
large land animal fossils
mountain ranges matched up with same rock time and ages
closeline matched up

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13
Q

What was the name of the supercontinent?

A

Pangaea

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14
Q

Who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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15
Q

How did Harry Hess discovered the mid-ocean ridge?

A

Sonar

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16
Q

Who discovered the MOR?

A

Harry Hess

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17
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries?

A

Divergent boundary
convergent boundary
transform boundary

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18
Q

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

A

Together

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19
Q

Subduction zones occur with which type of plate boundary

A

a convergent plate boundary

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20
Q

What two types of crust can be used with plate boundaries?

A

Oceanic crust and continental crust

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21
Q
A

Volcanos

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22
Q

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur

A

oceanic

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23
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They move away from eachother

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24
Q

What are some examples of divergent plate boundaries?

A
  1. MOR (both oceanic crust)

2. East African Rift (made of two continential crusts)

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25
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide past each other

26
Q

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

A

San Andreas Fault (continential crust)

27
Q

What is a convection current?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises

2. Magma cools down, becomes more dense, and sinks

28
Q

What are three forces that contribute to plate motion

A

Slab pull
ridge push
friction

29
Q

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent and transform

30
Q

Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

A

convergent

31
Q

What are the types of stress that can act upon rocks to cause movement?

A

Compression stress
a tension stress
a shear stress
torsion stress

32
Q

What are the two types of deformation?

A

Elastic

Plastic

33
Q

What happens to the rock when elastic deformation happens?

A

The material goes back to its original shape

34
Q

What happens to the rock when plastic deformation happens?

A

The rock takes on a new shape

35
Q

How many types of seismic waves are there?

A

Primary waves
secondary waves
surface waves

36
Q

What type of seismic wave is the fastest?

A

primary wave

37
Q

What type of wave is a primary wave?

A

compression wave

38
Q

What type of materials can soundwaves pass through?

A

solids and liquids

39
Q

what type of wave is a secondary wave

A

transverse

40
Q

What types of material can s waves pass through?

A

only solids

41
Q

Which wave does the most damage?

A

surface wave

42
Q

What are the two scales that measure earthquakes

A

Richter magnitude

mercalli scale

43
Q

what does the richter scale measure

A

the amount of energy

44
Q

define rock

A

a rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

45
Q

how are rocks identified

A

by composition and textured

46
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

A

the shape, size, and arrangement of the rock’s components

47
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

A

within the earths crust

48
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

magma

49
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

bowen’s reactions series

50
Q

what are the three types of magma

A

matic, intermediate, fedsic

51
Q

which magma type has a low silica content

A

maphic

52
Q

which magma type has a high silica content

A

felsic

53
Q

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quarts

A

continental

54
Q

which type of crust had little to no quarts

A

oceanic crust and deep continetal

55
Q

which type of

A
56
Q

rocks are identified by their composition

A
57
Q

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A
58
Q

what are the two texture types of igneous rocks?

A

vesicular and porphyitical

59
Q

which rock has holes in it

A

vesicular

60
Q

which texture is the type of two different cooling rate

A

phorphoritic

61
Q

rock

A

pumice

physical science (8 decks)

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