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physical science > chap 29 > Flashcards

chap 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sphere

A

a round, three-dimensional object

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2
Q

ellipse

A

an elongated, close curve with two foci.

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3
Q

is the Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No

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4
Q

what are some ancient observations that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

objects fall straight down, the shadow of Earth on the moon, every continent sees different stars

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5
Q

what are two things that effect gravitational forces?

A

the masses of each object and the distance between them

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6
Q

which diameter of Earth is longest

A

equator

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7
Q

what does the magnetic do for Earth?

A

it protects us from harmful radiation from the sun

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8
Q

which magnetic pole is in the northern hemisphere

A

south magnetic pole

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9
Q

can these magnetic poles flip?

A

yes, they occur every 200,000 years

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10
Q

what degrees is Earth’s axis tilted?

A

11.7 degrees

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11
Q

what is the flipping of the south and north magnetic pull called?

A

magnetic reversal

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12
Q

when was the last magnetic reversal?

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

what is a magnetosphere?

A

an area within Earth’s magnetic field

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14
Q

how are the auroras created?

A

when electrically charged particles collide with atom sin the atmosphere and emit light.

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15
Q

what is the scientific name of the northern lights ?

A

aurora borealis

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16
Q

what is the scientific name of the southern lights?

A

aurora australis

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17
Q

when is earth closest to the sun

A

early january - about 147 million km away

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18
Q

when is the earth farthest from the sun?

A

early july - 152 million km away

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19
Q

time zone

A

an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

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20
Q

rotation

A

the spinning of Earth on its axis

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21
Q

revolution

A

the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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22
Q

ecliptic

A

the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

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23
Q

solstice

A

when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly towards the sun or away from the sun

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24
Q

equinox

A

Earth’s rotational axis perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

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25
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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26
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

360 degrees

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27
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours

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28
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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29
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

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30
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

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31
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites.

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32
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24 time zones

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33
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

34
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

35
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

6 time zones

36
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A 
Mountain time zone
Eastern time zone
Pacific time zone
Alaskan time zone
Central time zone
Hawaiian time zone
37
Q

What is a solar day?

A

The earth’s rotation from the sun in the sky from noon one day to noon the next day.

38
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

When a certain star rises above the horizon until that same star rises again

39
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

The axis tilt and how close earth is to the sun

40
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and Winter

41
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June

42
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December

43
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and Fall

44
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March

45
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September

46
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

During the Summer Solstice

47
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

During the Winter Solstice

48
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

During the spring equinox and during the fall equinox

49
Q

tide

A

a rise or a fall in the ocean surface

50
Q

moon phase

A

reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

51
Q

solar eclipse

A

when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on Earth

52
Q

lunar eclipse

A

when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

53
Q

maria

A

the dark-colored, flat, lava filled, regions on the moon’s surface

54
Q

regolith

A

a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the moon

55
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 days

56
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

synodic month

57
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

58
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

the gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon

59
Q

what is the rise of the sea level called?

A

a high tide

60
Q

after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?

A

about 6 hours

61
Q

which is farther from earth, the sun or the moon?

A

the sun

62
Q

does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earth’s tides?

A

the moon

63
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

the sun the earth and the moon are in a straight line

64
Q

how are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

at a 90 degree angle

65
Q

what does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

position of the moon. earth. and the sun relative to one another

66
Q

when does a new moon occur?

A

when the moon is between earth and the sun

67
Q

how many phases of the moon are there?

A

8 phases

68
Q

what is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night

69
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

after a full moon,

70
Q

what are the moon phase names?

A

new, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

71
Q

where is the word month derived from?

A

the root word moon

72
Q

how is the earth,moon and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

the moon gets between the earth and the sun

73
Q

what is an umbra?

A

the darkest portion of the moon’s shadow

74
Q

what is a penumbra?

A
75
Q

how is the earth,moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

sun earth moon

76
Q

how are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

meteorites, asteroids, and comets

77
Q

are there mountains on the moon?

A
78
Q

which side of the moon is thicker?

A

the dark side

79
Q

is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

solid

80
Q

what did the clementine spacecraft do ?

A

confirmed that the crust on the side facing earth is much thinner than on the far side

81
Q

what did the lunar prospector do ?

A

took photographs of the moon’s surface

82
Q

what is the giant impact theory?

A

physical science (8 decks)

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