Chapter 27 the absolute Bare Bones!

Question 1

There are 2 compartments which hold fluid in the body. What are they? and what are the proportions?

Answer 1

INSIDE CELLS - intracellular or cytosol fluid 66% of body fluids
EXTRA CELLULAR - 33% of body fluid
this breaks down to 20% plasma
80% interstitial fluid (like lymph, cerebrospinal, synovial joint, aqueous, vitreous eye, endolymph and perilymph in ears, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal

Question 2

electrolytes are?

Answer 2

inorganic compounds (not containing carbon) that dissociate into ions (they have a + or - charge so that their outer orbit is full of electrons and they are happy!)

Question 3

Where do humans get their water from?

Answer 3

1600 ml liquids
700 ml food
200 ml metabolic water (water made by cells in aerobic cell respiration)

Question 4

How do we get rid of water?

Answer 4

100 ml GI tract
300 ml from lungs
600 ml from skin
1500 ml from kidneys

Question 5

Remember water follows Na and Cl

Answer 5

so if Na+ is excreted by kidneys, water follows

get dilute urine and lower blood volume, lower blood pressure!

Question 6

What are the 3 body responses to dehydration?

Answer 6

decreased siliva - dry mouth and pharnx
increased concentration of solutes (ions) in blood which means the blood osmolarity increases
Decreased Blood Volume

all of these eventually stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus and create increased thirst

(although I think just typing the word thirst increases thirst …. go get a drink!)

Question 7

What happens in the body when there is decreased blood volume?

Answer 7

1. blood pressure falls
2. this causes kidneys to release Renin
3. Renin promotes production of Angiotensin II
4. Stimulates the thirst center
5. creates increased thirst

Question 8

If the blood osmolarity increases and the blood volume decreases what will happen in your body?

Answer 8

You get thirsty …..

Question 9

The regulation of body fluids is controlled by ….

Answer 9

passing excess water or solutes in the urine (not by sweating or any other method of losing water)

Urinary Salt (NaCl) is the main factor in maintaining body fluid volume (related to blood volume)

Question 10

You can eliminate 2 different things in order to balance body fluids (osmolarity)

Answer 10

water and , Na + and Cl-

Question 11

True or False? Hormones can regulate the loss of Na+ or Cl-

Answer 11

True. Blood volume is then effect by the loss of these solutes

Question 12

How is body fluid osmolarity determined?

Answer 12

By the amount of water you pee out. If Na is being filtered into the urine, water follows. and blood volume decreases!

Question 13

What happens in your body when you eat really salty potato chips?
not asking about thirst response…. respond based on what happens in the inter and extra cellular fluid

Answer 13

First you want to eat more cause they are just sooooo good!

but then:
-increase the Na+ and Cl- in your plasma
-that makes water move out of your cells and into plasma to balance (means a high blood volume)
-that causes 2 things to happen
stretches the atria of the heart which increases the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide which sends more Na+ and Cl- out of the kidney into urine
high blood volume also decreases Renin which means less Angiotensin II - Less Aldsterone which all contribute to …… you guess it, more Na+ and Cl- in urine
-so since water follows ions …. water also goes out in the urine and you get decrease blood volume

I guess after you’ve eaten enough chips and enough water has left your body (with Na and Cl) then you get thirsty and the cycle starts in the opposite direction!

Question 14

What 3 hormones are secreted in order to keep water in the body ?

Answer 14

Renin - in kidney which triggers
Angiotensis II which triggers
Alderson production
Antidiurectic (ADH) produced in hypothalamus in response to triggering of thirst center

Question 15

What hormone makes you eliminate Na+ and Cl- and of course that means you eliminate water as well!

lots of pee!

Answer 15

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 16

Explain Water Intoxication ….. and you thought you could only get intoxicated with booze and weed!

Answer 16

the concentration of ions in EXTRA cellular fluid (plasma mostly) becomes very low (which means there are lots of Na ions compared to water molecules inside the cell)

so water moves from OUTSIDE the cell to the INSIDE so that you have the same ratio of Na to H2O , inside and outside of the cell

the cells are taking in more and more water and get larger and larger

Question 17

what can cause water intoxication?

Answer 17

Drinking faster than kidneys can eliminate. (happens to dogs who are drinking, drinking, drinking large amounts from a hose for a long time)

Poor Renal function

or loss of Na from blood loss, vomiting