Chapter 27: Part one Flashcards
systematics
classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
Homology
has to be data that uses for the tree (forelimbs)
Analogy
its not data that will strengthen the phyllo tree (coincidence)
Taxonomy
is the scientific discipline concerned with classifying and naming organisms
Phylogeny
is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
Convergent evolution
is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar
environments or ecological niches.
tetrapods
4 limbs
Binomial
The two-part scientific name of a species
Genus
The first part of the name
The second part, called the specific epithet, is
unique for each species within the genus
taxonomic groups from broad to narrow
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
taxon
A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
phylogenetic tree
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms can be represented in a branching
branch point
represents the divergence of two species
Sister taxa (taxon)
are groups that share an immediate common
ancestor
basal taxon
diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common ancestor of the group
homologies
Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry
Cladistics
groups organisms by common descent
clade
is a group of species that includes an ancestral species & all its descendants
sister taxa
is taxon that is plural
when inferring to evolutionary relationships
it is useful to know in which clade a shared derived character first appeared
homoplasies
Analogous structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently
Taxonomy Example
Homo sapien
genus) ( species
