Chapter 27: Part one

Question 1

systematics

Answer 1

classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships

Question 2

Homology

Answer 2

has to be data that uses for the tree (forelimbs)

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

its not data that will strengthen the phyllo tree (coincidence)

Question 4

Taxonomy

Answer 4

is the scientific discipline concerned with classifying and naming organisms

Question 5

Phylogeny

Answer 5

is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 6

Convergent evolution

Answer 6

is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar
environments or ecological niches.

Question 7

tetrapods

Answer 7

4 limbs

Question 8

Binomial

Answer 8

The two-part scientific name of a species

Question 9

Genus

Answer 9

The first part of the name

Question 10

The second part, called the specific epithet, is

Answer 10

unique for each species within the genus

Question 11

taxonomic groups from broad to narrow

Answer 11

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

Question 12

taxon

Answer 12

A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy

Question 13

phylogenetic tree

Answer 13

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms can be represented in a branching

Question 14

branch point

Answer 14

represents the divergence of two species

Question 15

Sister taxa (taxon)

Answer 15

are groups that share an immediate common

ancestor

Question 16

basal taxon

Answer 16

diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common ancestor of the group

Question 17

homologies

Answer 17

Phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry

Question 18

Cladistics

Answer 18

groups organisms by common descent

Question 19

clade

Answer 19

is a group of species that includes an ancestral species & all its descendants

Question 20

sister taxa

Answer 20

is taxon that is plural

Question 21

when inferring to evolutionary relationships

Answer 21

it is useful to know in which clade a shared derived character first appeared

Question 22

homoplasies

Answer 22

Analogous structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently

Question 23

Taxonomy Example

Answer 23

Homo sapien

genus) ( species