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Bio 1400 > Chapter 25: Part two > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Part two Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stromalites

A
  • Oldest Fossil

- rocks formed by the accumulation of sedimentary layers on bacterial mats

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2
Q

Photosynthesis & the Oxygen Revolution

A

O2 produced by oxygenic photosynthesis reacted with dissolved iron & precipitated out to form banded iron formations

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3
Q

O2 began accumulating in the atmosphere

A

& rusting iron-rich terrestrial rocks

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4
Q

The First Eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear envelope, mitochondria,

endoplasmic reticulum & a cytoskeleton

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5
Q

endosymbiont theory (related to Eukaryotic cells)

A

proposes that mitochondria & plastids (chloroplasts & related organelles) were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host cells

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6
Q

endosymbiont is a cell

A

that lives within a host cell

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7
Q

Serial endosymbiosis

A

supposes that mitochondria evolved before plastids through a sequence of endosymbiotic events

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8
Q

endosymbiotic origin of MITOCHONDRIA and PLASTIDS

A

Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes
- membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

MITOCHONDRIA

A

photosynthetic bacterium

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10
Q

Their ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotic

A

than

eukaryotic ribosomes

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11
Q

The Origin of Multicellularity

A

evolution of eukaryotic cells allowed for a greater range of unicellular forms

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12
Q

A second wave of diversification occurred

A

when multicellularity evolved and gave rise to algae, plants, fungi, and animals

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13
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

efers to the sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla

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14
Q

Burgess Shale

A

The fossils of the Burgess Shale in the Canadian Rockies preserve an intriguing glimpse of early life on Earth

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15
Q

The Colonization of Land

A

Fungi, plants, and animals began to colonize land about 500 MYA

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16
Q

Vascular tissue in plants transports

A

materials internally & appeared by about 420 MYA

17
Q

Plants and fungi

A

likely colonized land together

18
Q

Tetrapods

A

Mammals belong to the group of animals called

19
Q

Tetrapods evolved

A

from lobe-finned fishes

20
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

Earth’s crust is composed of plates floating on Earth’s mantle

21
Q

Tectonic plates move slowly

A

rough the process of continental drift

22
Q

Oceanic & continental plates can

A

collide, separate, or slide past each other

23
Q

Pangaea

A

Formation of the supercontinent

  • A deepening of ocean basins
  • A reduction in shallow water habitat
  • A colder & drier climate inland
24
Q

Continental Drift

A
  • continent’s climate changes as it moves north or south

- Separation of land masses can lead to allopatric speciation

25
Q

Ex. Similarity of fossils in parts of South America and Africa is consistent

A

with the idea that these continents were formerly attached

26
Q

mass extinction

A

the rate of extinction has increased dramatically and caused a

27
Q

Mass extinction is the result of

A

disruptive global environmental changes

28
Q

Permian Extinction

A

defines the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras about 250 MYA

29
Q

A number of factors might have contributed to these mass extinctions

A
  • Intense volcanism in what is now Siberia
  • Global warming
  • ocean acidification
30
Q

Cretaceous Mass Extinction

A

Organisms that went extinct include

  • half of all marine species
  • many terrestrial plants and animals, including most dinosaurs
31
Q

Adaptive Radiation

A

is the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor

32
Q

Heterochrony

A

is an evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events…..

33
Q

Major changes in body form can result from changes in

A

the sequences and regulation of developmental genes

34
Q

Changes in Spatial Pattern

A

Substantial evolutionary change can also result from alterations in genes that control the placement and organization of body parts

35
Q

Homeotic genes

A

determine such basic features as where wings and legs will develop on a bird or how a flower’s parts are arranged

36
Q

Hox genes are a class of homeotic genes that provide positional information

A

during animal embryonic development

37
Q

Changes in Genes

A

Changes in developmental genes can result in new morphological forms

38
Q

Ubx gene have been identified

A

that can “turn off” leg development

39
Q

Changes in morphology likely result from

A

changes in the regulation of the expression of developmental genes

Bio 1400 (13 decks)

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