Chapter 14: Part 2

Question 1

Possible combinations of sperm and egg can be shown using a

Answer 1

Punnett square

Question 2

dominant allele

Answer 2

represents capital letter

Question 3

recessive allele

Answer 3

represents lowercase letter

Question 4

An organism with two identical alleles for a character

Answer 4

is homozygous for the gene controlling that character

Question 5

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene is

Answer 5

heterozygous for the gene controlling that character

Question 6

Unlike homozygotes,

Answer 6

heterozygotes are not true- breeding

Question 7

Because of the different effects of dominant and recessive alleles,

Answer 7

an organism’s traits do not always reveal its genetic composition

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

physical appearance,internal anatomy, physiology, and behavior

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

genetic makeup

Question 10

PP and Pp plants have the same phenotype (purple)

Answer 10

but different genotypes

Question 11

To determine the genotype we can carry out a

testcross:

Answer 11

breeding the mystery individual with a homozygous recessive individual

Question 12

If any offspring display the recessive phenotype,

Answer 12

the mystery parent must be heterozygous

Question 13

monohybrid cross

Answer 13

A cross between such heterozygotes is called

Question 14

Independent Assortment

Answer 14

Mendel identified his second law of inheritance

Question 15

dihybrids

Answer 15

Crossing 2 true-breeding parents differing in 2 characters produces dihybrids in the F1 generation, heterozygous for both characters

Question 16

dihybrid cross

Answer 16

a cross between F1 dihybrids, can determine

whether 2 characters are transmitted to offspring as a package or independently

Question 17

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 17

It states that each pair of alleles on nonhomologous chromosomes assort or segregate independently of each other during gamete formation

Question 18

Genes located near each other

Answer 18

on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 19

Complete dominance

Answer 19

occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

Question 20

incomplete dominance

Answer 20

the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the 2 parental varieties

Question 21

codominance

Answer 21

2 dominant alleles affect the phenotype in

separate, distinguishable ways such that both alleles contribute to the phenotype of a heterozygote

Question 22

Read SLIDE 36 NOW

Answer 22

until 49