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Biology Final > Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the recommended intake of the nutrient sodium?

A

1.5 g/day

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2
Q

________ are rapidly oxidized so they are required in greater amounts in the diet than any other nutrient.

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the components of ab ATP molecule?

A

Adenine, ribose and phosphate.

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4
Q 
For each mineral, provide its role in the body:
Chloride
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium and Phosphorous
Iron
A 
Cl= in stomach acid
Na= action potentials
Mg= cofactor for enzymes
Ca/P= bone salts
Iron= hemoglobin, myoglobin
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5
Q

What happens, in the correct order, in cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Transition reastion (formation of acetyl CoA)
  3. Citric acid cycle
  4. Electron transport chain
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6
Q

The __________ of the brain controls body temp by initiating heat-conserving pr heat-loss mechanisms.

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Most dietary carbohydrates come from ______.

A

plants

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8
Q

Which major macromolecule consists of glycerol and fatty acids?

A

Triglycerides

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9
Q

When is deamination necessary?

A
  • when using protein for fuel

- when using protein for gluconeogenesis

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10
Q

The process of _______ is the addition of an amino group to a molecule.

A

amination

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11
Q

What are the products of complete glucose catabolism (oxidation)?

A

Water, ATP, and carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

List 4 examples of essential nutrients.

A

Minerals, water, most vitamins, and calcium.

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13
Q

In the absence of oxygen, ATP is produced via anaerobic _________.

A

fermentation

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14
Q

___________ is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another.

A

transamination

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15
Q

In a day, _____% of calories should be from carbohydrates.

A

50-60

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16
Q

What is jaundice?

A

yellowing of skin/eyes due to buildup of bilirubin. liver disorder

17
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Irreversible inflammatory disease of the liver with scarring

18
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver, usually viral

19
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

breakdown of glycogen

20
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

cellulose, glycogen and starch

21
Q

Fatty acids are broken down into 2-carbon acetyl groups during the process called __________.

A

beta oxidation

22
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

Based on their structure, sucrose, lactose, and maltose are from the group of carbohydrates called?

A

disaccharides.

24
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

breakdown of glycogen

25
Q

What molecule functions as a universal energy transfer molecule?

A

ATP

26
Q

The process called _____ is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates such as fats and amino acids.

A

gluconeogenesis

27
Q

What are the reasons that fat is superior to carbohydrates for energy storage?

A
  • more compact energy storage substance (more energy/g)

- hydrophobic and contains almost no water.

28
Q

For several hours during and after a meal, you are in the ______ state.

A

absorptive

29
Q

The term _____ refers to the synthesis of fats

A

lipogenesis

30
Q

Which compounds is cholesterol a precursor of?

A

bile acids, estrogen,testosterone, and vitamin d.

31
Q

What is the cellular location of the Krebs cycle?

A

mitochondria

32
Q

What factors are involved in the process of protein synthesis?

A

deoxyribose nucleic acids, ribosomes, messenger RNA and transfer RNA.

33
Q

What is the specific term that described homeostatic regulation of the body temp within a narrow range?

A

THermoregulation

34
Q

Vitamins are classified as water-soluble or ___-soluble.

A

fat

35
Q

What are the number of net ATP yielded during each phase of aerobic respiration?

A
  • citric acid cycle= 2 ATP
  • Electron transport chain= 32 ATP
  • Glycolysis=2 ATP
36
Q

A carbohydrate molecule comprised of many glucose monomers is a ______.

A

polysaccharide

Biology Final (10 decks)

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