Chapter 26: Diseases of the Urinary/Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Cystitis

Answer 1

• more prevalent in females than males: shorter urethra, contraceptives like IUD’s
• 33% are “honeymoon cystitis” from frequent sex
• ## 75% of cases are caused by E. coli, 25% are staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 2

Dysuria

Answer 2

• small amounts of painful urination

- foul smell

Question 3

Pyuria

Answer 3

• pus and WBC in the urine

- treatment: FQ, trimethoprim, sultamethexalon

Question 4

Pyelonephritis

Answer 4

1. fever, chills
2. nausea
3. extreme pelvic pain
4. tenderness in kidneys (lower back)
5. profuse perspiration
6. scarred kidney tissue
7. failure of one or both kidneys
   treatment:
   - extended use of cephalosporins

Question 5

Gonorrhea

Answer 5

• caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae
• betaproteobacteria
• aerobic
• cocci
• capsule
• fimbriae
• 90% chance of getting it on first contact
• males: the drip, testes affected, leading to sterility, proctitis
• women: irritation of cervix, “insidious”, burning, can develop into PID

Question 6

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 6

• can affect ovaries
• can cause ectopic pregnancies
• can result in sterility

Question 7

Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

Answer 7

• caused by chlamydia trachomatis
• can develop into PID
• coccobacillus
• aerobic
• life cycle
  1. Elementary body - infectious
  2. Reticulate body occurs by binary fission, this increases the amount of elementary bodies.

Question 8

Syphilis

Answer 8

• spirochetes
• benzathine penicillin for long treatment
  4 stages

1. Primary
   - chancre
   - spread by cv/lymph system, sexual contact, nonsexually
   - males have discharge, females have an affected cervix
2. Secondary phase
   - looks like a shin rash
   - general weakness
   - hair loss
   - lesions, oral cavity and vaginal area
   - non-sexual transmission - nurses and dentists
3. Latent stage
   - quiet stage
   - danger
   - congenital transfer to baby
   - neurological damage
4. Tertiary
   - gummas (large lesions)
   - palatelesions
   - can cause coronary heart disease