Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Septicemia

Answer 1

• 33% of cases are nosocomial
• eg. pseudomonas, staph

Symptoms

1. fever and chills
2. breathing
3. anxiety
4. lymphangitis: inflamed lymph vessels accompanying septicemia and septic shock

Question 2

Sepsis

Answer 2

childbirth fever

• streptococcus pyogenes
• transmitted to mother during childbirth by attending physicians, nurses or midwives
• groups A infection
• progress in abdominal region, becomes sepsis.

Question 3

Anthrax

Answer 3

• disease of animals
• treated by Q, FQ, cipro, penicillin, erythromycin
  1. G.I. form: nausea, hemorrhages in the tract, severe septicemia ~50% mortality rate in humans. caused by ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food
  2. Cutaneous: forms a lesion at site of entry by endospores through minor cut
  tom brokaw - erin o’connor (eschar)
  3. Pulmonary: severe endospore germination
• chest pain - septicemia
• 100% mortality route

Vaccine:

• 6 doses over 18 months
• available for front-line workers

3 powerful exotoxins

1. protective antigen
2. lethal (binds and attacks phagocytosis)
3. Edema antigen - swelling

Question 4

Gangrene

Answer 4

symptoms:

1. abrupt pain
2. swelling due to CO2 and H+ gases
3. oozing of fluid (blood)
4. blackening of tissues
5. necrosis/massive destruction
   eg. diabetic wound, gunshot wound, abortion

Question 5

Spotted Fever

Answer 5

• caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
• no endospores
• like measles but does appear on palms

Question 6

HSV-4 Epstein-Barr Virus

Answer 6

1. Burkitt’s lymphoma
   - caused by the herpes virus
   - tumour of the jaw
   - latent in B. lymphocytes (non-productive infection)
   - non-latent (productive system)
2. Nasopharyngeal carcnoma
   - latent in B. lymphocytes
3. Mononuclosis
   - E.B. in saliva for ~18 months
   symptoms:
   a. fever
   b. sore throat, pus
   c. fatigue
   d. spleen - rupture - rare death

4. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
yuppy flu:
- extreme muscle fatigue
- Ig positive for EBC
- memory loss
- protozoa

Question 7

Malaria (Basic)

Answer 7

- plasmodium vivax
2 hosts
1. mosquito: definitive host
2. humans: intermediate host
symptoms:
1. fever
2. vomiting (sometimes)
3. severe headaches
4. pain in muscles

3 phases “paroxysms”

1. cold
2. hot
3. wet - sweating

Question 8

Malaria Life Cycle

Answer 8

Mosquito bit

1. sporozite form
   - from blood - liver cell
2. merozoites
   - RBC - ring stage- merozoites
   - lysis and release
3. matures into male and female gametes
   - when mosquitoes bite again, they draw up the gametes to form a zygote
4. zygote