Chapter 2: Chemical Principles

Question 1

Amino Acids

Answer 1

20 types
3 Groups attached to a C
- Amino Group
- Side Group
- Carboxyl groups

Question 2

Primary Structure

Answer 2

H2O Is taken out (dehydration rxn) and a peptide bond is formed.
aa1 + aa2 = aa1-aa2 + H20
Genetically determined in what order the amino acids join in.

Question 3

Secondary Structure

Answer 3

Helical (spiral)

Pleated, two sides bonded together

Question 4

Tertiary Structure

Answer 4

3-dimensional shape with helical and pleated components

Question 5

Quaternary

Answer 5

Examples are hemoglobin, collagen and DNA

Question 6

Denaturation

Answer 6

Disruption of the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

Question 7

Nucleotide

Answer 7

1. Base
   a) Purine: Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)
   b) Pyrimidine: Thymine (T), or Cytosine (C)
   G and C bond together using triple bonds
   A and T bond together using hydrogen bonds
2. Sugar.
   a) Ribose sugar has oxygen on carbon 2
   b) Deoxyribose has no oxygen on carbon 2
   Carbons are numbered clockwise starting from the O.
3. Phosphate: 2 oxygens, one double bonded oxygen and one hydrogen. PO4-

Question 8

RNA

Answer 8

1. Full Ribose Sugar, no oxygen missing
2. Single-stranded molecules
3. No T, Uracil (still pyrimidine)
4. Protein Synthesis
   a) mRNA - messenger
   b) rRNA - ribosomal
   c) tRNA - transfer