Chapter 25: Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Dental Caries
A
- caused by streptococcus mutans symptoms: - roughness - yellowish discoloration - sensitive - easily broken teeth
2
Q
Periodontal Disease
A
- Gingivitis
- caused by streptococcus mutans
- bacteroides
- fusobacterium - Periodontitis
- pockets form
- pus fills
- loosens tooth
- loss of infected tooth (10% chance)
- porphyromonas gingivitis are bacteroides
3
Q
Gastroenteritis
A
- caused by campylobacter jejuni
- epsilonproteobacteria
- microaerophile
- vibrio/curved rods
- monotrichous
treatment: - oral rehydration therapy - antibiotics symptoms: - nausea - vomiting - diarrhea in dysentry - constipation
4
Q
Staphylococcus aureus
A
Gram Positive Bacteria Firmicutes (low GC ratio) Bacillates - golden clusters - facultative anaerobe - causes skin infections, TSS and food poisoning (chicken, ham, creamy items) - super antigen - 1-6 hours
5
Q
Shigellosis / Shigella dysenteriae
A
Gammaproteobacteria Enterobacteriales - produces shiga exotoxin - this leaves a scar in the large intestine which can turn into an abscess. - infection lasts 12-36 hours - lots of growth in the small intestine - destroys cells in the large intestine - 20 bowel movements a day - severe dehydration (ORT + FQ) - slight fever
6
Q
Salmonella enterica
A
Gammaproteobacteria
Enterobacteriales
- from food source: beef, poultry, raw eggs, spinach, cantaloupe
- nausea and diarrhea
7
Q
Vibrio cholerae
A
Vibrionales
- rods
- flagella
- facultative anaerobic/aerobic
- A-B toxin: turns the intestinal cells into little pumps. cAMP system
- rice water stools, 12-20L lost per day, shock, kidney failure, collapse
- 50% of weight lost
8
Q
Escherichia coli Gastroenteritis
A
treatment: ORT
- Enterotoxigenic
- e. coli
- ETEC form
- travellers diarrhea ~65% of cases - Enteroaggregation
- e. coli
- EAEC
- ~33% of cases
- brick like structure (aggregate) - Enteroinvasive
- e. coli
- EIEC
- like shigellosis
- dysentery - Enteropathogenic
- e. coli
- EPEC
- chronic diarrhea
- demographic: newborns - Enterohemorrhagic
- e. coli
- EHEC
- causes HUS - hemolytic uremic syndrome
- target g.i. tract
- source is beef, apple cider
9
Q
Helicobacter pylori
A
Epsilonproteobacteria - microaerophile - vibros/curved rods - peritrichous flagella for attachment - causes ulcers - exotoxin - inhibits acid production - phagocytic killing - enzyme urease (changes urea to ammonia) diagnosis - radiation for 30 minutes - urea breath test treatment - treat with metronidazole - nobel prize to discover that 95% of cases have bacteria
10
Q
Clostridium Difficle
A
Gram Positive Bacteria Firmicutes (low GC ratio) - A-B toxin - pseudomembranous - endospore - colitis (severe diarrhea) ~ 6 months - demographic: elderly, children - use of antibiotics (metronidazole)
11
Q
Mumps
A
Viral - enters through the parotid gland. can then spread into the blood, urine and feces - incubation period is 16-21 days symptoms: - fever - hard to chew/talk - anorexia - headaches - CNS - males: orditis - females: pelvic pain, ovaries enlarge - brain: meningitis - deafness - treatment is vaccine
12
Q
Hepatitis A
A
- vaccine available, not chronic
- jaundice - reversible
- infectious form
13
Q
Hepatitis B
A
- serum form, blood induced
- vaccine (recombinant yeast)
- blood
- IDU (idoxuridine) drug
- semen
- dane particle - lamivudine or 3-TC
- 85% of cases are acute, 15% chronic, leads to liver disease or 3-TC
14
Q
Hepatitis C
A
Non A, Non B - transfusion transmitted
- spread by blood, parental route, semen
- 80-85% are chronic cases, 15% of the 85% have liver disease
- no vaccine
- ribavirin and interferon
15
Q
Hepatitis D
A
- needs hep B to coexist, like a surrogate virus
- HBV vaccine
- missing it’s capsid - why it needs Hep B
