Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 11: Bacterial Groups > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Bacterial Groups Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria

A
  1. Proteobacteria
    - Alpha
    - Beta
    - Gamma
    - Epsilon
  2. Non-proteobacteria
    - Chlamydia trachomatis
    - Bacteroides sp.
    - Fusobacterium sp.
    - Spirochetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria

A
  1. Firmicutes (low C+G ratio)
    - Clostridiales
    - Bacillates
    - Lactobacillales
    - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. Actinobacteria (high C+G ratio)
    - Mycobacterium sp.
    - Corynebacterium diphtheria
    - Propionibacterium sp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alphaproteobacteria

A
  1. Rickettsia rickettsii
    - obligate, intracellular parasite
    - coccobacilli or rods
    - aerobic
    - spread by insect/tick bites
    - reproduces by binary fission
    - damages and attack CV system by changing the permeability of our blood vessels - causes spotted fever.
    - spotted fever: rash over the body, similar to measles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Betaproteobacteria

  • aerobic
  • rods
  • capsules
  • causes whooping cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Betaproteobacteria

  • aerobic
  • cocci and capsule
  • fimbriae
  • causes the STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Betaproteobacteria

  • aerobic
  • cocci and capsule
  • causes meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Pseudomonadales
- rod
- flagella (lopho or monotrichous)
- produces blue-green coloured pigments called pyocyanin (pus)
- it occurs in burn patients or wounds
- can form abscess
- can cause UTI's
- can cause pink eye 
- psychotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Moraxella lacunata

A

Gammaproteobacteria
Pseudomonadales
- coccobacilli
- causes pink-eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Legionellales 
- endospore
- Q-fever, causes pneumonia
- parasites
- spread through animals, pasteurization milk and aerosoles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Legionelle pneumonphila

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Legionellales 
- rods
- spread by water, could be by AC units or water supply lines
- causes pneumonia
1. Pontiac Fever (mild)
2. Legionnaires, 5-30% are fatal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Vibrionales

  • rods
  • flagella
  • facultative anaerobic/aerobic
  • A-B toxin: turns the intestinal cells into little pumps. cAMP system
  • rice water stools, 12-20L lost per day, shock, kidney failure, collapse
  • 50% of weight lost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enterobacteriales

A
  • they are enterics
  • rods
  • facultative anaerobes
  • flagella (peritrichous)
  • fimbriae
  • pilus
  • produces little bateria called bacteriocins (proteins). they are adaptive.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Escherichia coli

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Enterobacteriales
- also called coliforms
- agencies: use it for purity assessments (water supplies)
- "lab pet"
- transmits in hospital by food-borne illnesses (ground beef). This causes traveler's diarrhea. 
- can also cause UTI's (~70-75%) 
- fimbriae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salmonella

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Enterobacteriales
1. Salmonella typhus
- human carrier
2. Salmonella enterica
- from food source: beef, poultry, raw eggs, spinach, cantaloupe
- nausea and diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Enterobacteriales
- produces shiga exotoxin
- this leaves a scar in the large intestine which can turn into an abscess.
- infection lasts 12-36 hours
- lots of growth in the small intestine
- destroys cells in the large intestine
- 20 bowel movements a day
- severe dehydration (ORT + FQ) 
- slight fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A 
Gammaproteobacteria 
Pasteurellaceae 
- loves blood because it's missing the v-factor ( coenzyme NAD-NADP) and x-factor ( cytochrome system
- aerobic coccobacillus
- capsule is pathogenic
causes:
- meningitis
- pneumonia (COPD, ETOH abuse)
- middle ear infection
17
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Epsilonproteobacteria

  • microaerophile
  • vibros/curved rods
  • peritrichous flagella
  • causes ulcers
18
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Epsilonproteobacteria

  • microaerophile
  • vibrio/curved rods
  • monotrichous
  • causes gastroenteritis
19
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Non-proteobacteria

  • causes trachoma and blindness, non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) STD, and lymphogranuloma venereum STD
  • coccobacillus
  • aerobic
  • life cycle
    1. Elementary body - infectious
    2. Reticulate body occurs by binary fission, this increases the amount of elementary bodies.
20
Q

Bacteroides sp.

A

Non-proteobacteria

  • rod (rounded edges)
  • anaerobic
  • causes gingivitis
  • causes peritonitis
21
Q

Fusobacterium sp.

A

Non-proteobacteria

  • pointed ends
  • rod
  • anaerobic
  • gingivitis
22
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Non-proteobacteria

  • Spirochetes, long and wiggly
  • cannot be grown in vitro, only in vivo (in body)
  • genome has been mapped
  • causes syphilis
23
Q

Clostridales

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes (low GC ratio)
- Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
- Clostridium difficile (colitis)
- Clostridium botulinum (botulism)
- Clostridium perfringens (gangrene)  
- anaerobic rods
24
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes  (low GC ratio)
Bacillates
- anthrax
- rod
- endospore
- facultative anaerobe, aerobe
- soil
25
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes  (low GC ratio)
Bacillates
- golden clusters
- facultative anaerobe
- causes skin infections, TSS and food poisoning (chicken, ham, creamy items)
- super antigen
- 1-6 hours
26
Q

Lactobacillus sp.

A

Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes (low GC ratio)
Lactobacillales
- fermenters: aerotolerant anaerobes
- rods
- hospital: important in female health
- puberty: it increases dramatically in the vaginal area, keeps it sterile through increased acidity
- this is because they ferment glycogen (glycogen is deposited by estrogen)
- pregnancy: increased numbers, first contact with the newborn

27
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes (low GC ratio)
Lactobacillales
1. Chain-cocci (beta-hemolysis)
- causes strep throat - blood agar - clear zone
- can cause scarlet fever, rheumatic fever (both fevers occur after strep throat), and skin infections.

  1. S. pneumoniae (alpha-hemolysis)
    - diplococci - blood agar - green zone
    - has a capsule
  2. S. mutans
    - has a capsule
    - tooth decay - use a sucrose broth
    - dental caries: symptoms
    - roughness
    - yellowish discoloration
    - sensitive
    - easily broken teeth

gamma-hemolysis has no effect on agar plates

28
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes  (low GC ratio)
Lactobacillales 
- Grows in monocytes
- rods
- facultative anaerobe
- psychotrophs
- outbreak (cold cuts, sausage, coleslaw, feta)
- causes meningitis
- very dangerous for pregnant women. it causes ill newborns, 60-65% of them die
29
Q

Enterococcus

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes  (low GC ratio)
Lactobacillales 
- E. faecalis
- E. faecium
- Facultative anaerobe
- Hardy: on hands, bedding, in the air
- caused by catheter, can cause U.T.I's and can infect wounds. 
- nosocomial, obtained while in the hospital
30
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Gram Positive Bacteria
Firmicutes (low GC ratio)
- lacks a cell wall
- pleomorphic (can change shape and size due to environmental conditions)
- plasma membrane has sterols, it gives a fried egg appearance
- treatments: tetracycline
- smallest genome
- pliable, which means there’s a chance for increased contamination

31
Q

Mycobacterium sp.

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Actinobacteria (high GC ratio)
- TB and leprosy
- has a cell wall
- has mycolic acid
 - use an acid-fast stain
 - mycolic acid = resistance against drying/desiccation, antiseptics and antibiotics
- treatment ~9 months
- nutrients enter slowly
- colonies appear slowly, 4-6 weeks
32
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A 
Gram Positive Bacteria
Actinobacteria (high GC ratio)
- causes diphtheria (upper respiratory tract disease)
- rods, pleomorphic
- picket fence arrangement, palisade
- or chinese letter arrangement 
- facultative anaerobic
- full of granules that emit light
- metachromatic granules
- DTP vaccine
33
Q

Propionibacterium sp.

A

Gram Positive Bacteria
Actinobacteria (high GC ratio)
- Propionibacterium acnes
- anaerobic bacteria - lives in the deep pockets of skin
- rods
- fermenters, like swiss cheese it forms holes
- characteristic flavour - propionic acid

Microbiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions