Chapter 25.4: Amphibians

Question 1

Scientists suggest that the earliest animals with four limbs were ()

Answer 1

aquatic

Question 2

All vertebrates that live on land are ()

Answer 2

tetrapods

Question 3

Tetrapod:

Answer 3

Vertebrate that has four limbs (each limb evolved from a lobe-fin

Question 4

Over time, () let tetrapods climb out of the water and search for food, etc.

Answer 4

adaptations

Question 5

Amphibians:

Answer 5

Animals that can live both on land and in water

Question 6

A number of () help amphibians to live on land:

1) large () and () help support weight
2) () on vertebrae help keep the backbone from twisting and sagging
3) Mobile, muscular () allows them to capture and manipulate food
4) Development of a () helps them to hear out of water
5) Ability to () through their skin, gills, or lungs

Answer 6

adaptations; shoulder; hip bones; interlocking projections; tongue; middle ear; breathe

Question 7

An amphibian’s skin is thin and wet, which causes water to () and its skin to dry out if there is not a source of () nearby [this can lead to death]

Answer 7

evaporate; water

Question 8

Amphibians need a source of water to () because the eggs don’t have a () therefore the () would dry out

Answer 8

reproduce; shell; embryos

Question 9

Amphibians can lay their eggs directly in (), lay them on (), wrap their eggs in (), or brood eggs in pockets on the ()

Answer 9

water; moist ground; leaves; female’s back

Question 10

Some frogs start their lives as ()

Answer 10

tadpoles

Question 11

Tadpoles:

Answer 11

aquatic larvae of frogs

Question 12

Tadpoles have gills and a () tail; they swim by wiggling like fish

Answer 12

broad-finned

Question 13

To grow into terrestrial adults, tadpoles must undergo ()

Answer 13

metamorphosis

Question 14

Tadpoles undergo many changes when becoming an adult:

1) The gills are () as the lungs develop
2) () system is reorganized
3) () fin is reabsorbed
4) Grows new () and reorganizes bones and muscles
5) () system is rebuilt
6) The () is part of the reproductive system

Answer 14

reabsorbed; circulatory; tail; limbs; digestive; cloaca

Question 15

Many amphibians do not undergo ()

Answer 15

metamorphosis

Question 16

Adult females lay eggs on the ground or keep them in their bodies and the young develop directly into their () forms

Answer 16

terrestrial

Question 17

The three groups of modern amphibians are:

Answer 17

salamanders, frogs, and caecilians

Question 18

Salamanders:

Answer 18

Have a long body, four walking limbs, and a tail; more than 300 species

Question 19

Frogs:

Answer 19

Largest amphibian group (includes toads); over 3000 species; glands in the skin of frogs and toads contain poisons that help protect them from predators

Question 20

Caecilians:

Answer 20

Legless burrowing tropical amphibians; There are more than 160 species