Chapter 25.1: Vertebrate Diversity

Question 1

The phylum Chordata is made of three groups:

Answer 1

Vertebrates; Tunicates; Lancelets

Question 2

Vertebrates:

Answer 2

Large, active animals that have a well-developed brain encased in a hard skull

Question 3

Tunicates & Lancelets:

Answer 3

Invertebrates that are free-swimming and sessile animals (sea squirts)

Question 4

All chordates share the four same features at some stage of their development:

Answer 4

Notochord; Hollow Nerve Cord; Pharyngeal Slits; Tail

Question 5

Notochord:

Answer 5

Flexible skeletal support rod embedded in the animal’s back

Question 6

Hollow Nerve Cord:

Answer 6

Runs along the animal’s back

Question 7

Pharyngeal Slits:

Answer 7

Slits throughout the body wall in the pharynx (water moves through the animal without going through the digestive system)

Question 8

Tail:

Answer 8

Extends beyond anal opening (has muscle for tissue movement)

Question 9

Most chordates lose some or all of these characteristics in ()

Answer 9

adulthood

Question 10

All vertebrates share common ()

Answer 10

features

Question 11

Exoskeleton:

Answer 11

Internal skeleton built of bone/cartilage (allows for large growth)

Question 12

Vertebrate exoskeletons can be divided into distinct parts:

Answer 12

Braincase; Vertebrae; Connected Bone Structure; Gill Arches

Question 13

Braincase:

Answer 13

Cranium that protects the brain

Question 14

Vertebrae:

Answer 14

Short, stiff vertebrae that are separated by joints

Question 15

Connected Bone Structure:

Answer 15

Support and connect the soft body tissues

Question 16

Gill Arches:

Answer 16

Only found in fish and amphibians

Question 17

There are () classes of vertebrates

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Agnatha:

Answer 18

Oldest class of vertebrates; Jawless fish (lampreys)

Question 19

Chondrichthyes:

Answer 19

Skeletons made of cartilage (sharks)

Question 20

Osteichthyes:

Answer 20

Most diverse group; Bony fish; Presence of jaws (also called cartilaginous)

Question 21

Amphibia:

Answer 21

First to live in water and land; Characterized by 4 limbs (frogs)

Question 22

Reptilia:

Answer 22

Able to retain moisture; Characterized by aminon (alligators)

Question 23

Aves:

Answer 23

Birds; Distinguished by the presence of feathers

Question 24

Mammalia:

Answer 24

Have hair that helps maintain body temperature and provides insulation from the cold

Question 25

Much of what we know about vertebrates comes from ()

Answer 25

fossil evidence

Question 26

() may be the closest relatives to vertebrates

Answer 26

Tunicates

Question 27

The first recognizable vertebrates were () ex: ()

Answer 27

jawless fish; (lampreys & hagfish)