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Biology > Chapter 24: Biology Outlines > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Biology Outlines Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ are the most diverse of all animals

A

Arthropods

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2
Q

________: Invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton made of _____; a series of paired, jointed _________; and _________ body parts

A

Arthropod; chitin; appendages; segmented

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3
Q

__________: External skeleton that supports an animal’s tissues against _____

A

Exoskeleton; gravity

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4
Q

_____: A long organic molecule made of _____ that are arranged in layers

A

Chitin; sugars

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5
Q

_________: Extension of an organism’s body (used for walking, swimming, manipulating food, or chewing)

A

Appendage

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6
Q

__________: Describes how an ________’s body parts are divided into similar sections that have evolved for a different function

A

Segmentation; arthropod’s

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7
Q

Arthropods are classified into five groups

  1. _______: Extinct; _____ ______
  2. __________: Live in oceans, streams, and land; crabs, lobsters, _______
  3. _________: Have specialized ________ ________; scorpions, _____
  4. ______: __% of all animals species; diverse; live on land; _ legs; ____
  5. __________: Long bodies; many legs; ________, millipedes
A

Trilobites; bottom feeders; Crustaceans; pillbugs; Chelicerates; daggerlike mouthparts; spiders; Insects; 80; 6; bees; Myriapods; centipedes

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8
Q

Joints are made of the stiff, flexible _____ and allow _______

A

cuticle; movement

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9
Q

The exoskeleton is made of many layers of _____; must ___ in order for _____ to occur

A

chitin; shed; growth

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10
Q

An exoskeleton makes important functions like _______, ______, and maintaining internal and external ________ difficult

A

movement; growth; equilibrium

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11
Q

The oldest fossils are of trilobites that date back to ___ million years

A

540

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12
Q

The ________ relationship between arthropods and other invertebrates remains under question

A

evolutionary

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13
Q

Based on similarities, scientists believe that arthropods are most closely related to the _____ ____; both groups have _______ bodies; _______ evidence suggests segmentation was evolved _________

A

annelid worms; segmented; molecular; independently

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14
Q

______ ____ & _____ ____ are considered the closest relatives of arthropods

A

Velvet worms; water bears

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15
Q

________: Group of arthropods that have _ distinct body sections, a hard _________, two pairs of ________, and one pair of ________ per segment

A

Crustaceans; 2; exoskeleton; antennae; appendages

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16
Q

__________: Region of an organism in which the head and trunk region are combined into one long section

A

Cephalothorax

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17
Q

______: Refers to the rear portion of the organism

A

Abdomen

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18
Q

The cephalothorax is covered by a shieldlike section of cuticle called the ______ (covers sides of the body and protects gills)

A

carapace

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19
Q

Crustacean _______ are used for a variety of functions

  1. Collecting and manipulating ____
  2. Attracting ____
  3. ________
A

appendages; food; mates; protection

20
Q

All crustaceans have two pairs of _______, they are used to smell ____, locate _____, and avoid ________

A

antennae; food; mates; predators

21
Q

Crustaceans have _______: highly adapted _________ that crush food

A

mandibles; appendages

22
Q

Appendages like ______ ___ allow crustaceans to move

A

walking legs

23
Q

Appendages called _______ are there to help the crustacean swim

A

swimmerets

24
Q

Crustaceans vary in both ______ and ______

A

anatomy; structure

25
Q

There are Many Different Types of Crustaceans

  1. _______: Live in saltwater; __ legs; lobsters, _____, shrimp
  2. ________: ______; filter feeders; wrapped in a hard calcium shell
  3. ______: Flattened bodies; _ pairs of legs; ________
  4. _____ _____: _______ found in a host’s _____ or nasal passages
A

Decapods; 10; crabs Barnacles; sessile Isopods; 7; pillbugs; Tongue Worms; parasites; lungs

26
Q

Arachnids are the Largest Group of __________

A

Chelicerates

27
Q

__________: Arthropods w/o _______; lack _______; _ pairs of appendages, including _ pairs of walking legs; _ pair of chelicera & pedipalps

A

Chelicerates; mandibles; antennae; 6; 4; 1

28
Q

There are three major groups of chelicerates

  1. H_________ _____
  2. S__ ______
  3. _______: Terrestrial group of __________ characterized by _ legs, pinchers that inject _____, and the ability to produce ____ (glands)
A

Horseshoe crabs; sea spiders; arachnids; chelicerates; 8; venom; silk

29
Q

Arachnids have four different adaptations that reduce _____ ____

  1. Waterproof _____
  2. Book ____
  3. Malpighian _____
  4. _______
A

water loss; cuticle; lungs; tubules; spiracles

30
Q

_______ make up half of the more than 60,000 known arachnid species

A

Spiders

31
Q

All spiders have the ability to make ____ and produce _____

A

silk; venom

32
Q

Arachnids also include mites, ticks, chiggers, and _______

A

scorpions

33
Q

Insects are in nearly every ______ niche

A

ecological

34
Q

Insects have a body with three parts (____; _____; ______)

A

head; thorax; abdomen

35
Q

Some insects live _______, others live in social colonies

A

independently

36
Q

__________ ___________: Insects look like mini-_____ when they hatch

A

Incomplete Metamorphosis; adults

37
Q

There are three life stages of incomplete metamorphosis: _____; _____; _____

A

Larva; Nymph; Adult

38
Q

_________ ____________: The insect changes form entirely: ___; ____; ____; ____

A

Complete Metamorphosis; Egg; Larva; Pupa; Adult

39
Q

The evolution of _____ has occurred in insects ___ million years ago

A

flight; 400

40
Q

An insect’s mouthparts are adaptations related to its specialized diet:
________: sucking mouthparts; ________, moths
_______: chewing mouthparts; ___, beetles
___: sucking and chewing; ___, wasps

A

Proboscis; butterflies; Mandibles; ants; Both; bees

41
Q

Many arthropods are _________ that eat plants that humans also depend on

A

herbivores

42
Q

________- cause millions of dollars of ____ damage

A

Arthropods; crop

43
Q

_________ have unwanted side effects

A

Insecticides

44
Q

Scientists have developed safer ________ alternatives:

  1. Arthropod-specific __________
  2. ________ pest management (IPM)
  3. Genetically modified ____
A

insecticide; insecticides; Integrated; crops

45
Q

____: Organism that carries a ______ from one host to another

A

Vectors; disease

46
Q

Disease spread by _______ have serious effects on the human population:
Bubonic Plague: Caused by a _______ carried by ___
Yellow Fever: Caused by a ____ carried by _______
Malaria: Caused by a protozoan ______ carried by ________
West Nile Virus: Caused by a ____ carried by ________

A

arthropods; bacterium; fleas; virus; mosquitoes; parasite; mosquitoes; virus; mosquitoes

Biology (11 decks)

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