Chapter 25.2: Fish Diversity

Question 1

Fish used specialized organs called () to take in oxygen and dissolved water

Answer 1

gills

Question 2

Gills:

Answer 2

Large sheets of thin frilly tissue filled with capillaries that take in dissolved oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide

Question 3

Gills have a large (), which increases the number of () that they can exchange with the water

Answer 3

surface area; gases

Question 4

Fish have body systems that provide their cells with oxygen and nutrients from removing waste products: ()

Answer 4

circulatory system

Question 5

Arteries in the gills carry blood to the exchange surfaces and they are arranged so that () flows in the () direction of water () the gills

Answer 5

blood; opposite; entering

Question 6

Countercurrent Flow:

Answer 6

Opposite movement of water against the flow of blood in the gills

Question 7

Most fish swim by contracting large segmented muscles on either side of their () from the head to tail

Answer 7

vertebral column

Question 8

Fins:

Answer 8

Surfaces that project from the fish’s body

Question 9

Most fish have () fins on their backs and () fins on their bellies; () fins just behind the head; () fins in the middle of the belly; () (tail) fins

Answer 9

dorsal; anal; lateral pectoral; lateral pelvic; caudal

Question 10

Fins keep the fish ()

Answer 10

stable

Question 11

Dorsal and anal fins help the fish not (); Caudal fins move the fish in a () direction; Pectoral and pelvic fins help the fish (), (), and ()

Answer 11

roll over; forward; maneuver; stop; hover

Question 12

The jaws of fish evolved from () (located on both sides of the ())

Answer 12

gill/pharyngeal arches; pharynx

Question 13

Gill arches are made from () or () that support the ()

Answer 13

bone; cartilage; gills

Question 14

Most jawed vertebrates have () on their upper and lower jaws

Answer 14

teeth

Question 15

Teeth:

Answer 15

Used to capture and process food

Question 16

Because of (), jaws gave vertebrates a huge advantage as predators

Answer 16

natural selection

Question 17

() groups of jawed fish appeared 440 million years ago

Answer 17

4

Question 18

Acanthodians:

Answer 18

Fish covered with spines; Went extinct 250 million years ago

Question 19

Placoderms:

Answer 19

Armored with huge bony plates; Went extinct 350 million years ago

Question 20

Cartilaginous Fish:

Answer 20

Still exist (sharks; rays; chimeras)

Question 21

Bony Fish:

Answer 21

Group that includes all other living fish; still exist

Question 22

All fish have a ()

Answer 22

lateral line system

Question 23

Lateral Line System

Answer 23

A series of shallow canals on the sides of the fish made up of cells that are sensitive to small changes in water

Question 24

Operculum:

Answer 24

A chamber with a protective plate where bony fish’s gills are

Question 25

Movements of the operculum help bony fish move water over their ()

Answer 25

gills