Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Chapter 25 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of kidneys?

A
  • regulates water vol and solute concentration in water
  • regulates ion concentration in ECF
  • gluconeogenesis
  • exerts metabolic waste, toxins and drugs
  • activates vit D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidney produce erythropoietin. What does erythropoietin do?

A

regulates blood pressure and renin (RBC production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What region is the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneal (superior lumbar region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What gland is above the kidney?

A

adrenal (suprarenal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Surface of kidney

A

convex (outward) lateral surface, concave (inward) medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 Layers of supportive tissue surrounding kidney

A
  1. Renal fascia (OUTER): dense fibrous connective tissue
  2. Perirenal Fat Capsule: fatty cushion
  3. Fibrous capsule (INNER): protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the third layer of the kidney do?

A

Fibrous capsule: biological protection from infection and virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much cardiac output does the renal arteries deliver?

A

one fourth, 1200 ML per Min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the glomeruli do?

A

filters blood and forms filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do kidneys get nerve supply?

A

via sympathetic fibers from renal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the nerve supply in kidneys do?

A

regulates blood flow to renal arterioles and influence urine production in nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increase blood pressure increases…

A

urine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood vessel flow

A

aorta —>renal art.—> segmental art.—-> Interlobar art.—>arcuate art. —-> cortical radiate art —> afferent arteriole—> glomerulus —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular capillaries/ vasa recta —> cortical radiate v. —>arcuate v. —>interlobar v. —->renal v. —-> inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are nephrons?

A

structural and functional units that create urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are themain parts of nephrons?

A

Renal corpuscle and renal tibule

  1. PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) - directly attached to corpuscle
  2. Loop of henle (descending and ascending limb)
  3. DCT (distal convoluted tubule)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thick segment of ascending limb: type of cell

A

simple cubodial or short columnar

17
Q

Thin segment of descending limb: type of cell

A

simple squamous epithelium

18
Q

Types of cells in nephrons?

A

(Parietal) Glomerular capsule: simple sqamous epitherlium
(Visceral): Podocytes
Proximal convulated tublule cells: microvilli and cubodial cells
Proximal convulated tublule cells: similar to proximal, no/few microvilli
Nephron Loop (thin segement) cells
Collecting duct cells:

19
Q

Glomerular capsule visceral layer: podocytes functions

A

Modified epithelium cells with filtration slits that capture molecules are filtrate is forming and surround the glomerulus.
Foot like extensions.

20
Q

Glomerular Capsule (parietal layer)

A

Podocytes: epithelial cells
have foot processes that cling to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. The clefts or openings between the foot processes are called filtration slits. Through these slits, filtrate enters the capsular space inside the glomerular capsule.

21
Q

Proximal Convulated tubule cells

A

microvilli increases surface area and increases absorption
cubodial cells - uniform appearance and very controlled
reabsorb h20 and solutes back INTO blood
secrete substances into filtrate OUT of blood and end up in urine

22
Q

Distal convulated tubule cells

A

a few or no microvilli, very similar to PCT but shorter

23
Q

Collecting duct cells

A

Principal cells= more numerous
short microvilli
Maintains the water and sodium balance
Intercalated cells = less numerous (type A and type B cells) They maintain Acid/ base balance of blood

24
Q

Two major classes of nephron

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

25
Q

What percentage of nephrons is cortical?

A

85%

26
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron ascending limbs are..

A

both thick and thin and invade the medulla

27
Q

Why are juxtamedullary nephrons important?

A

important in production of concentrated urine

28
Q

What is consisted in the Renal Corpuscle?

A

Squamous epithelium (Parietal layer of glomerular corpuscle)
Glomerular capsular space
Glomerulus

29
Q

What does the capsular space of renal corpuscle do?

A

captures filtrate that is forced from glomerulus

30
Q

What is consisted in the juxtaglomerular complex?

A

Macula Densa cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Granular cells

31
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular complex do?

A

Checks Blood Pressure and salinity and modifies it

Communicates to release hormones

32
Q

What does the afferent arteriole do for the glomerulus?

A

Supplies the glomerulus

33
Q

What does the efferent arteriole do for the glomerulus?

A

drains it

34
Q

How much fluid and urine is formed?

A

180 L fluid processed

1.5 urine formed DAILY

35
Q

How much blood passes the glomeruli each min?

A

1200 ml
650ml plasma
20% 125 ml of plasma becomes filtrate

anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions