Chapter 25 QUIZ Flashcards
What is the function of ureters?
Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Temporary storage reservoir for urine
What is the function of the urethra?
Transport urine out of the body
What is the renal fascia?
Anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
What is the fibrous capsule and it’s function?
Transparent capsule that prevents spread of infection to kidney
What is the renal cortex?
Granular appearing superficial region 2
Renal medulla
Deep to cortex, composed of medullary pyramids
Renal pyramids are separated by _____ _______ which are inward extensions of cortical tissues
Renal columns
How many lobes per kidney?
About eight.
What is the renal pelvis?
Funnel shaped tube continuous with ureter
What is a minor calyces?
Cup shaped area that collects urine draining from pyramidal papillae.
What is a major calyces?
Areas that collect urine from minor calyces. Empty urine into renal pelvis
What is the flow of urine?
Renal pyramid - > Minor calyx -> Major calyx - > Renal pelvis -> Ureter
What is the nerve supply to the kidney?
Sympathetic fibers from renal plexus
What is the glomerulus?
Tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium. Highly porous capillaries that allow for efficient filtrate formation
What is filtrate?
Plasma derived fluid that renal tubules process to urine part of renal capsule.
What is bowman’s capsule?
Cup shaped, hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus
What does the bowman capsule consist of ?
Two layers (parietal and visceral)
What is the parietal layer made of?
Simple squamous epithelium
What does the visceral layer do?
Clings to glomerular capillaries
What is JGC (Juxtaglomerular complex)
Distal portion of ascending limb of nephron loop. Afferent (sometimes efferent) arteriole.
What is the purpose of JGC?
Regulating rate of filtration and blood pressure
What are the 3 cell populations in JGC?
Macula densa, Granular cells, Extraglomerular mesangial cells
What is GFR
The volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys. Normal is 120-125 ml/min.
GFR is directly proportional to what?
Directly proportional to - net filtration pressure, total surface area available for filtration, filtration membrane permeability, intrinsic controls.
Norepinephrine is released by what?
Sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine is released by what?
Adrenal medulla
What are the intrinsic controls?
Maintain GFR in kidney. Increased GFR causes increased urine output which lowers blood pressure and vice versa
What are extrinsic controls?
Maintain systemic blood pressure. Nervous system and endocrine mechanisms are main extrinsic controls
