Chapter 25 QUIZ

Question 1

What is the function of ureters?

Answer 1

Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

Question 2

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 2

Temporary storage reservoir for urine

Question 3

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 3

Transport urine out of the body

Question 4

What is the renal fascia?

Answer 4

Anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

What is the fibrous capsule and it’s function?

Answer 5

Transparent capsule that prevents spread of infection to kidney

Question 6

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 6

Granular appearing superficial region 2

Question 7

Renal medulla

Answer 7

Deep to cortex, composed of medullary pyramids

Question 8

Renal pyramids are separated by _____ _______ which are inward extensions of cortical tissues

Answer 8

Renal columns

Question 9

How many lobes per kidney?

Answer 9

About eight.

Question 10

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 10

Funnel shaped tube continuous with ureter

Question 11

What is a minor calyces?

Answer 11

Cup shaped area that collects urine draining from pyramidal papillae.

Question 12

What is a major calyces?

Answer 12

Areas that collect urine from minor calyces. Empty urine into renal pelvis

Question 13

What is the flow of urine?

Answer 13

Renal pyramid - > Minor calyx -> Major calyx - > Renal pelvis -> Ureter

Question 14

What is the nerve supply to the kidney?

Answer 14

Sympathetic fibers from renal plexus

Question 15

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 15

Tuft of capillaries composed of fenestrated endothelium. Highly porous capillaries that allow for efficient filtrate formation

Question 16

What is filtrate?

Answer 16

Plasma derived fluid that renal tubules process to urine part of renal capsule.

Question 17

What is bowman’s capsule?

Answer 17

Cup shaped, hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus

Question 18

What does the bowman capsule consist of ?

Answer 18

Two layers (parietal and visceral)

Question 19

What is the parietal layer made of?

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

What does the visceral layer do?

Answer 20

Clings to glomerular capillaries

Question 21

What is JGC (Juxtaglomerular complex)

Answer 21

Distal portion of ascending limb of nephron loop. Afferent (sometimes efferent) arteriole.

Question 22

What is the purpose of JGC?

Answer 22

Regulating rate of filtration and blood pressure

Question 23

What are the 3 cell populations in JGC?

Answer 23

Macula densa, Granular cells, Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 24

What is GFR

Answer 24

The volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys. Normal is 120-125 ml/min.

Question 25

GFR is directly proportional to what?

Answer 25

Directly proportional to - net filtration pressure, total surface area available for filtration, filtration membrane permeability, intrinsic controls.

Question 26

Norepinephrine is released by what?

Answer 26

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 27

Epinephrine is released by what?

Answer 27

Adrenal medulla

Question 28

What are the intrinsic controls?

Answer 28

Maintain GFR in kidney. Increased GFR causes increased urine output which lowers blood pressure and vice versa

Question 29

What are extrinsic controls?

Answer 29

Maintain systemic blood pressure. Nervous system and endocrine mechanisms are main extrinsic controls