22.1-22.3 Quiz Flashcards
What are the 4 major functions of the respiratory system?
1.Supply body with O2 for cellular respiration.
2. Dispose of CO2 (waste product of cellular respiration)
3. Olfaction
4. Speech
What are the four processes of respiration?
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Internal respiration
- Transport
Define pulmonary ventilation
Breathing. Movement of air in and out of the lungs
Define internal respiration
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues
Define external respiration
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
Define transport
O2 and CO2 in blood
What are the 3 things involved in the upper respiratory system?
Nose/nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
What are the 4 things involved in the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi/branches, lungs/alveoli.
What is the only external portion of the respiratory system?
The nose
What are the 5 functions of the nose?
- Provides airway for respiration
- Moistens and warms entering air
- Filters and cleans inspired air
- Serves as a resonating chamber for speech
- Houses olfactory receptors
What are the 2 regions of the nose?
External nose and nasal cavity
The nasal cavity contains ____ glands which contain mucus secreting mucus and ____ cells
Seromucous. Serous
Both serous and mucus secretions contain ______ and ______
Lysozymes and defensins
______ cells sweep contaminated mucus posteriorly toward throat
Ciliated
Inspired air is ____ by plexuses of capillaries and veins in nasal cavity
Warmed
Nasal mucosa contains ____ _____ _____ that cause sneezing
Sensory nerve endings
A funnel shaped muscular tube that runs from the base of the skill to vertebra C6
Pharynx
The pharynx connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the _____ and _____
Larynx and esophagus
The pharynx is composed of what type of muscle?
Skeletal muscle
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx from high to low.
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
An air passageway that runs posterior to the nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx lining contains _______ _______ ________
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The nasopharynx contains the ____ tonsils also known as _____
Pharyngeal, adenoids
The nasopharynx also contains the ______ tubes also known as _____ _____ that drain and equalize pressure in the middle ear.
Pharyngotympanic. Auditory tubes
Passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglottis
Oropharynx
The oropharynx lining consists of _____ ______ ______
Stratified squamous epithelium
The oropharynx contains the _____ _____ _____ which is an opening to the oral cavity
Isthmus of fauces
The oropharynx contains the _____ and ____ tonsils
Palatine, lingual
The palatine tonsils are located where
Lateral walls of fauces
The lingual tonsils are located where
Posterior surface of tongue
A passageway for food and air
Laryngopharynx
The laryngopharynx is posterior to the upright ______
Epiglottis
The laryngopharynx extends to the _____ where it is continuous with the _____
Larynx, esophagus
The laryngopharynx is lined with ____ ____ ______
Stratified squamous epithelium
The epiglottis consists of _____ ______
Elastic cartilage
The epiglottis covers what during swallowing?
Laryngeal inlet
The epiglottis is covered in what?
Taste buds containing mucous.
What is the core of vocal cords and what are they also known as?
Vocal ligaments. True vocal cords
What is the glottis?
Opening between vocal folds
What are vestibular folds also known as?
False vocal cords
What is speech?
Intermittent release of expired air
Air passages undergo how many orders of branching? It’s also referred to as a ____ ____
- Bronchial tree.
Conducing zone structures give rise to ______ _____ _______
Respiratory zone structures.
Respiratory zone begins where ______ bronchioles feed into ______ bronchioles
Terminal. Respiratory.
Respiratory bronchioles lead into _____ _____ and finally ______ _____
Alveolar ducts. Alveolar sacs.
What is the respiratory membrane?
Blood air barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls. Very thin
Alveolar walls consist of ____ and ____
Single layer squamous epithelium and scattered cuboidal type II alveolar cells, secrete surfactant.
Lungs are mostly composed of _____, the rest is ____
Alveoli. Stroma.
