Chapter 25 - Pulmonary Contusions and Hemorrhage Flashcards
Pulmonary contusions consist of hemorrhage located in what two places?
Pulmonary interstitium and alveoli
What percentage of dogs with abnormal thoracic radiographs or low PaO2 showed clinical signs and PE findings consistent with thoracic injury?
79%
What is the “spalling effect”?
The shearing or bursting phenomenon that occurs at gas-liquid interfaces and may disrupt the alveolus at point of initial contact with shock waves.
What is the “inertial effect”?
Occurs when low density alveolar tissue is stripped from heavier hilar structures as they accelerate at different rates, This results in mechanical tearing and laceration of the lung
What is the implosion effect?
Results from rebound or overexpansion of gas bubbles after a pressure wave passes which can lead to tearing of the pulmonary parenchyma from excess distension
T/F: A true shunt is the major cause of hypoxemia following trauma to the lungs.
True
Both shunt and volume of poorly aerated and non-aerated lung tissue correlate independently with what?
PaO2
How long does it take respiratory changes to resolve with pulmonary contusions?
3-7 days
Radiographic changes to the lungs may lag behind clinical signs by how long?
12-24h
T/F: Normal radiographic findings may be seen in animals with pulmonary contusions.
True
What diagnostic modality is more sensitive for detecting initial lesions and accurately reflecting the extent of the lesion than radiographs?
CT
A contusion volume of what is highly predictive of the need for ventilation?
20%
Thoracic ultrasound can be used to locate what type of lesion in the lungs?
Peripheral parenchymal lesion
T/F: There is little supportive data for use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of pulmonary contusions.
True
T/F: Approximately 50% of dogs requiring mechanical ventilation for contusions survive to discharge.
False, 30%
