Chapter 110 - acute hemolytic disorders Flashcards
List 6 classes of haemolytic diseases
Fragmentation Toxicant-induced (largely oxidative) Immune-mediated Heritable Infection-related Miscellaneous
List 4 heritable causes of haemolysis and their reported breed associations
Osmotic fragility - Abyssinian & Somali cats, English springer spaniels
Phosphofructokinase deficiency - English springer spaniel, cocker Spaniel, mixed breeds
Pyruvate kinase deficiency - basenji, beagles, miniature poodle, toy Eskimo, dachshund, chihuahua, pug, westie, lab, Somali & Abyssinian cats
Nonspherocytic HA of beagles
Schistocytes suggest what underlying process?
fragmentation
Spherocytes suggest what underlying process?
immune-mediated destruction
Heinz bodies suggest what underlying process?
oxidative damage (commonly seen with toxins, drugs, foods)
Acanthocytes suggest what underlying process?
fragmentation (also seen with hepatic lipidosis in cats)
T/F - heme pigments released during haemolysis are nephrotoxic in dogs and cats
T, although AKI from haemolysis hasn’t been reported in dogs & cats, observed in humans
List 5 diseases that may cause fragmentation hemolysis
DIC caudal caval syndrome splenic torsion heart valve disease hemangiosarcoma vasculitis
List 6 ingested foods/objects that may cause haemolysis?
onion garlic propylene glycol pennies post '82 copper mothballs (naphthalene)
List 6 miscellaneous causes of haemolysis
Hypophosphataemia haemolytic-uraemic syndrome Iatrogenic changes in osmolarity Envenomation Histiocytic neoplasia IV administration of hypotonic fluids
At what age is heritable HA most likely to be detected?
Young adulthood rather than as a puppy/kitten
RBC morphology expected in heritable HA disorders?
Often normal, anisocytosis may occur if regenerative
Treatment for heritable HA?
supportive care, transfuse PRN. splenectomy may be beneficial in cats with osmotic fragility syndrome
Most common causes of death in IMHA patients?
PTE, DIC, euth due to above
