Chapter 181 - Miscellaneous Antibiotics

Question 1

What organisms dose metronidazole act against?

Answer 1

anaerobe gram negative bacilli, anaerobe gram positive bacilli (clostridium), anaerobe gram positive cocci, protozoa (giardia)

Question 2

What organisms dose metronidazole NOT act against?

Answer 2

facultative anaerobes

obligate aerobes

Question 3

What is one of the adverse effect of metronidazole, particularly if administered high dosage and long-term?

Answer 3

seizure, cerebellar dysfunction, other neuropathies, generally self-limiting, complete recovery may take days to weeks, dosage should NOT exceed 20-30 mg/kg Q24h (dog, cat), generally divided into q12h

Question 4

Is chloramphenicol bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 4

It’s either bactericidal or bacteriostatic depends on pathogen

Question 5

What is the one of the detrimental side effects to human by handling chloramphenicol?

Answer 5

fatal bone marrow aplasia in humans, contact with mucosal surfaces is requried for this severe reaction

Question 6

what are the indication of IV doxycycline mentioned in this chapter?

Answer 6

for life-threatening infections with borrelia burgdorferi, leptospira spp. (effective for both active bacteremia and elimination of leptospires from tissue)

Question 7

How doxycycline is metabolized?

Answer 7

eliminated largely by non-renal mechanisms, therefore considered safe for patient with renal failure

Question 8

What are non-antibacterial effects of doxycycline?

Answer 8

anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, inhibition of collagenase activity, wound healing

Question 9

What is the one of the adverse effect of doxycycline, particularly in cats? And what measure is suggested to prevent this?

Answer 9

pill induced esophageal erosion (particularly in cats), provide at least 10 ml (water or gruel) to patient immediately after administration of the tablet or capsule while maintaining the patient in an upright position

Question 10

Among antibiotics mentioned in this chapter, which one is suggested as a first-line agent for Nocardial infection?

Answer 10

TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)

Question 11

What is the side effect of sulfonamides in dogs eyes?

Answer 11

KCS, onset: months to years, rather than days to weeks, not clear if idiosyncratic versus dosage dependent, evalute STT before and during therapy in dogs

Question 12

What is suggested route of administration of Vancomycin?

Answer 12

parenteral (not absorbed across intestinal wall), slow infusion q8h

Question 13

What is the name of only lincosamide in the US?

Answer 13

Clindamycin

Question 14

What are the adverse effects of rifampin?

Answer 14

potentially hepatotoxic (hepatotoxicicy,acute hepatitis), reversible discoloration (orange) of urine, tear, saliva, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, vomiting