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101 LEC > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Afebrile

A

a condition in which the body temp is not elevated

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2
Q

apnea

A

a period of no breathing

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3
Q

auscultatory gap

A

period of diminished or absence korotkoff sounds, occurs during manual blood pressure

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4
Q

blood pressure

A

force of blood against artieral walls

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5
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

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6
Q

bradypnea

A

slow rate of breathing

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7
Q

diastolic pressure

A

least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between contractions

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8
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

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9
Q

dysrthythmia

A

abnormal cardiac rhythm

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10
Q

eupnea

A

normal respirations

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11
Q

febrile

A

condition in which the body temp is elevated

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12
Q

fever

A

elevation above the upper limit of normal body temp
synonmym for pyrexia

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

blood pressure elevated above the upper limit of normal

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14
Q

hyperthermia

A

high body temp

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15
Q

hypotension

A

blood pressure below the lower limit of normal

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16
Q

Hypothermia

A

low body temp

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17
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through the artery as pressure is released

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18
Q

Orthopnea

A

type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier as a patient sits or stands

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19
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

temp fail in blood pressure associated in sitting up
AKA postural hypotension

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20
Q

Pulse

A

a wave produced in the wall of an artery with each beat of the heart

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21
Q

Pulse deficit

A

difference between apical and radial pulse rates

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22
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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23
Q

pyrexia

A

elevation above the upper limit of normal body temp
AKA fever

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24
Q

Respirations

A

gas exchange between the atmosphere air in the alveoli and blood in capallieries

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25
Q

Systolic pressure

A

highest point of pressure on arterial walls when ventricles contract

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26
Q

Tachycardia

A

rapid heart rate

27
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid rate of breathing

28
Q

Temperature

A

refers to the hotness or coldness of a substance

29
Q

Vital signs

A

body temp, pulse & respiratory rates and blood pressure
AKA cardinal signs

30
Q

Vital signs are indicators of

A

physiologic functioning and reflect health status

31
Q

What is pulse oximetry?

A

non-invasive measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation

32
Q

When to assess vital signs?

A
  1. on admission
  2. based on instituional policy
  3. anytime a change in patients condition
  4. loss on consciousness
  5. before/after procedure
  6. before/after activity that can increase risk
  7. before administering meds that affect cardio or respiratory
33
Q

What is the primary source of heat in the body?

A

Metabolism

34
Q

What is the primary site of heat loss>

A

Skin

35
Q

What system controls the opening and closing of shunts in response to core body temp and in environmental temp?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

Heat is transferred to external environment by?

A

radiation, convection, evaporation, conduction

37
Q

What are the factors affecting body temp?

A

Circadian rhythms
Age
Sex
physical activity
state of health
environment

38
Q

What is radiation for heat transfer?

A

the diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves

39
Q

What is convection for heat transfer?

A

diffusion of heat by motion between areas

EX. Fan blows cool air across hot body

40
Q

What is evaporation for heat transfer?

A

conversion of liquid to vapor

**sweat

41
Q

What is conduction for heat transfer?

A

transfer of heat from one object to another

*ice pack on head

42
Q

Terms for fever:
Intermittent
Remittent
Sustained/continous
Relapsing

A

Intermittent: returns to normal at least once a 24 hrs
Remittent: does not return to normal. flucuates
Sustained/continous: Remains above normal
Relapsing: returns to normal for 1 or more days, then fever returns

43
Q

What is a neurogenic fever?

A

Damage to hypothalamus. Does not response to anti pyretic medications

44
Q

Characteristics of pulse include?

A

rate, rhythm and amplitude

45
Q

What do the charateristics of the pulse indicate?

A

effectiveness of heart as a pump, volume of blood ejected with each beat, adequacy of peripheral blood flow

46
Q

The pulse is regulated by what system?

A

autonomic nervous system through the SA node

47
Q

Pulse rate is the number of?

A

pulsations felt over a peripheral artery or heard over apex of heart in 1 min

48
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for adults

A

60-100 beats/min

49
Q

What are the rates for tachycardia and bradycardia?

A

Tachy - 100-180
Brady - >60

50
Q

factors contributing to tachycardia?

A

-Low blood pressure
-increased temp
-condition w/ poor oxygen
-excersice
-prolonged exposure of heat
-Pain & strong emotions
-medications

51
Q

The pulse amplitude describes?

A

quality of pulse in terms of fullness, reflects strength of left ventricle contraction

52
Q

What is pulse rhythm>

A

pattern of beats and pauses

53
Q

Respiration involves what 3 things?

A

ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

54
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Movement of gases in and out of the lungs

55
Q

What is diffusion?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli of lungs and circulating blood

56
Q

What is purfusion?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue

57
Q

Factors effecting respiratory rate?

A

Age
Excersice
Acid/base balance
brain lesions
increased altitude
Respiratory disease
Anemia
Anxeity
meds
Pain

58
Q

What is normal respirations?

A

12-20/min - normal pattern

59
Q

What are tachypnea respirations?

A

> 24 breaths a min

60
Q

What are bradypnea respirations>

A

< 10 breaths a min

61
Q

What are cheyne-stokes respirations?

A

alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by apnea; regular

62
Q

what are biots respirations?

A

varying depth and rate, followed by periods of apnea, irregular

63
Q

What 2 things determine cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume and heart rate

64
Q

Disorders resulting from hypertension include

A

thickening of myocardium, enlargmenet of ventricles, heart failure, myocardium infarction, stroke & kidney damage

101 LEC (15 decks)

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