Chapter 23 Flashcards
ageism
attitudes that stereotype older adults
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
type of dementia in which discrete patches of brain tissue deteriorat, eventually affects all body functions
Cascade iatrogensis
downward spiral triggered by medical or surgical intervention during hospitalization of an older adult
delirium
a temporary state of confusion
dementia
organic impairment of intellectual functioning
elder abuse
intentional act by a caregiver that causes harm to elderly
gerontologic nursing
nursing speciality centered around caring for an older adult
gerontology
study of all aspects of the aging process and their consequences
gerotranscendence
transformation of an older adults view of reality from rational, social, materialistic focus to a mature, wisdom, spiritual focus.
Decreased focus on superficial relationships
What ages are middle adult and older adult
Middle - 40-60
older - 65 and above
Polypharmacy
use of many medications at same time
reminiscence
period of chronic disease is present but no symptoms
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass in older adults as part of natural aging
sundowning syndrome
the phenomenon when a person habitually becomes confused or disoriented with darkness
What is the genetic theory?
That all cell death is genetically preprogramed
What is the stochastic theorys of aging?
randomness to cellular damage
-Wear and tear
-Crosslinking
-free radical theory - oxidative stress
What happens during menopause?
-decreased ovarian function
-depletion of estrogen & progesterone
-Periods stop, hot flashes, mood s-swings
-Loss of estrogen increases risk for osteoporosis & heart disease
What happens during andropause?
Androgen levels decrease
What are some physical changes that happen to adults in middle years?
Fat is redistributed to middle area
Skin drier & wrinkles & gray hair
Cardiac output decreases
Decreased muscles
Loss of calcium from bones
Fatique increases
loss of hearing, sight
hormone production decreases
Eriksons theory
Establish and guide the next gen, adjust to aging parents, reevaluate goals
Havighursts theory
learned behaviors from maturation, personal motives and values, civil duty
Levinsons theory
midlife transition
Gould theory
35-43 when adults look inward
43-50 when adults accept & have special interests
50-60 increased satisfaction, value spouse, concerned with health
What are the ages of
young-old
middle - old
old - old
young-old 60-74
middle - old 75-84
old - old 85 and above
When should one get a
Physical exam
Breast exam
Pap smear/cervical cancer
Physical exam - every 3 yrs until 40, then yearly
Breast exam - 45 yearly, then 55+ every 2 years
Pap smear/cervical cancer - 21-29 every 3 years, 30 - 65 every 5 years
When should one get a
Prostate exam
testicular cancer screening
colorectal cancer screening
Prostate exam - 50 years old, yearly
testicular cancer screening - part of physical
colorectal cancer screening - yrly, colonoscopy every 10 yrs
When should one get a
Skin cancer
Oral cancer
Bone density test?
Skin cancer - part of physcial
Oral cancer - yearly
Bone density - woman 65+, men 70+ unless risk factors, factors or height loss
What is PACE program?
Program of All-inclusive Care for Elderly
Medicare/Medicaid funded
Age 55 and older & qualify
Recieve support to live in the community
What is the NORCS prgram?
Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities
Federally or Locally funded
Structured geographically to help seniors age in place
What is the REACH program?
Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health
CDC develoepd Community based, culturally appropriate to reduce health disparities, improve health among African Americans, hispanic
Nursing care for older adults should be based on 2 principles?
Most older adults are not impaired - they are functional members of community
Older adults are more vulnerable to physical, emotional, socioeconomic problems
What are the 3 D’s for aging adults?
Dementia
Delirium
Depression
What does S.P.I.C.E.S stand for?
S - Sleep disorders
P - Problems with eating
I - Incontinence
C - Confusion
E - Evidence of falls
S - Skin breakdown
What are the 6 key risk factors for delirum?
Cognitive impairment
Sleep deprivation
Immobility
Visual/Hearing impairment
Dehydration
What are the 6 key risk factors for delirum?
Cognitive impairment
Sleep deprivation
Immobility
Visual/Hearing impairment
Dehydration
What is the difference between Geriatrics and Gerontology?
Geriatrics - Branch of medicine that focuses on health and disease later in life
Gerontology - Scientific study of the effects of aging and age-related diseases
