Chapter 24: Neurologic System Flashcards
pupillary miosis
having small or constricted pupils, seen in aging adults
dyskinesias
uncontrolled, involuntary movement
e.g. repetitive facial grimacing, seen in aging adults
bone resorption
loss of bone matrix
osteoporosis
loss of mineralized bone mass, porous bones, increased risk of fractures
cerebellum
motor coordination
equilibrium
balance
occipital lobe
visual reception
Wernicke’s area
speech comprehension
parietal lobe
sensation
precentral gyrus
primary motor area
postcentral gyrus
primary sensory area
frontal lobe
personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual functions
Broca’s area
motor speech
synapses
sites of contact between two neurons
Parkinson’s
basal ganglia dysfunction
basal ganglia
initiate and coordinate movement
automatic movements of body like arms swinging while walking
hypothalamus
respiratory center
temperature
appetite
sex drive
heart rate
sleep center
stress responses
medulla of brainstem
respiration
heart function
GI function
spinal cord
connects the spinal nerves to the brain
lumbar cistern
in the vertebral canal, where samples of cerebrospinal fluid are drawn
nerve
a bundle of fibers outside the CNS
upper motor neuron diseases
stroke
cerebral palsy
multiple sclerosis
lower motor neuron diseases
Bell palsy in the face
spinal cord lesions
poliomyelitis
diabetic neuropathy
lower motor neuron
provides direct contact with muscle, needed for movement
LMN problem causes hyporeflexia
upper motor neuron
carry impulse from brain (motor areas of cerebral cortex) to lower motor neurons
UMN problem causes hyperreflexia
visceral reflex arc
pupillary response to light and accomodation
superficial reflex arc
e.g. Babinski reflex on baby’s foot
deep tendon reflex
knee jerk
clonus
rapid contractions of the same muscle
concussion
rotation of brain inside the skull
aura
a subjective sensation that precedes a seizure
tremor
involuntary shaking, vibrating, trembling
paresis
weakness (partial or incomplete paralysis)
paralysis
total loss of motor function
dysmetria
inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action
(Think “bad athlete”)
paresthesia
abnormal sensation (burning, tingling)
dysarthria
difficulty forming words
dysphasia
difficulty understanding or expressing language
orthostatic hypotension
decreased blood to brain, increases risk for falls in aging adults
ptosis
drooping
occurs with myasthenia gravis, cranial nerve 3 dysfunction, Horner syndrome
neurogenic anosmia
e.g. head trauma, brain lesion
can cause unilateral loss of smell
myasthenia gravis
causes muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. This happens when the communication between nerves and muscles breaks down
Horner syndrome signs
Decreased eye pupil size is a key sign of Horner syndrome.
Typically, signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome include decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of the face.
Horner syndrome may be the result of another medical problem, such as a stroke, tumor or spinal cord injury
strabismus
cross eyed, deviated gaze
nystagmus
problem with vestibular system, cerebellum, or brainstem
stroke
sensation of face and body lost of opposite side of the lesion
-affects lower face on one side
-hemiparesis
-aphasia
-astereognosis
Bell palsy
affects upper and lower face on one side
dysdiadochokinesia
slow, clumsy, and sloppy response, occurs with cerebellar disease
(Think clumsy word)
ataxia
uncoordinated or unsteady gait
analgesia
absent pain sensation
hyperalgesia
increased pain sensation
hypoalgesia
decreased pain sensation
hypoesthesia
decreased touch sensation
anesthesia
absent touch sensation
hyperesthesia
increased touch sensation
astereognosis
inability to identify an object correctly, may occur with stroke
pronator drift
downward unilateral drift of arm, occurs with mild hemiparesis
Cushing reflex
shows signs of intracranial pressure
uncal herniation
increasing intracranial pressure pushes the brainstem down, puts pressure on CN 3 causing pupil dilation
