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UTMB Health Assessment > Chapter 24: Neurologic System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Neurologic System Flashcards

1
Q

pupillary miosis

A

having small or constricted pupils, seen in aging adults

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2
Q

dyskinesias

A

uncontrolled, involuntary movement
e.g. repetitive facial grimacing, seen in aging adults

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3
Q

bone resorption

A

loss of bone matrix

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4
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of mineralized bone mass, porous bones, increased risk of fractures

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5
Q

cerebellum

A

motor coordination
equilibrium
balance

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6
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual reception

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7
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

speech comprehension

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8
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensation

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9
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor area

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10
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

primary sensory area

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11
Q

frontal lobe

A

personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual functions

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12
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor speech

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13
Q

synapses

A

sites of contact between two neurons

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14
Q

Parkinson’s

A

basal ganglia dysfunction

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15
Q

basal ganglia

A

initiate and coordinate movement
automatic movements of body like arms swinging while walking

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

respiratory center
temperature
appetite
sex drive
heart rate
sleep center
stress responses

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17
Q

medulla of brainstem

A

respiration
heart function
GI function

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18
Q

spinal cord

A

connects the spinal nerves to the brain

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19
Q

lumbar cistern

A

in the vertebral canal, where samples of cerebrospinal fluid are drawn

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20
Q

nerve

A

a bundle of fibers outside the CNS

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21
Q

upper motor neuron diseases

A

stroke
cerebral palsy
multiple sclerosis

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22
Q

lower motor neuron diseases

A

Bell palsy in the face
spinal cord lesions
poliomyelitis
diabetic neuropathy

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23
Q

lower motor neuron

A

provides direct contact with muscle, needed for movement

LMN problem causes hyporeflexia

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24
Q

upper motor neuron

A

carry impulse from brain (motor areas of cerebral cortex) to lower motor neurons

UMN problem causes hyperreflexia

25
Q

visceral reflex arc

A

pupillary response to light and accomodation

26
Q

superficial reflex arc

A

e.g. Babinski reflex on baby’s foot

27
Q

deep tendon reflex

A

knee jerk

28
Q

clonus

A

rapid contractions of the same muscle

29
Q

concussion

A

rotation of brain inside the skull

30
Q

aura

A

a subjective sensation that precedes a seizure

31
Q

tremor

A

involuntary shaking, vibrating, trembling

32
Q

paresis

A

weakness (partial or incomplete paralysis)

33
Q

paralysis

A

total loss of motor function

34
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action
(Think “bad athlete”)

35
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation (burning, tingling)

36
Q

dysarthria

A

difficulty forming words

37
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty understanding or expressing language

38
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

decreased blood to brain, increases risk for falls in aging adults

39
Q

ptosis

A

drooping
occurs with myasthenia gravis, cranial nerve 3 dysfunction, Horner syndrome

40
Q

neurogenic anosmia

A

e.g. head trauma, brain lesion
can cause unilateral loss of smell

41
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

causes muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. This happens when the communication between nerves and muscles breaks down

42
Q

Horner syndrome signs

A

Decreased eye pupil size is a key sign of Horner syndrome.
Typically, signs and symptoms of Horner syndrome include decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of the face.

Horner syndrome may be the result of another medical problem, such as a stroke, tumor or spinal cord injury

43
Q

strabismus

A

cross eyed, deviated gaze

44
Q

nystagmus

A

problem with vestibular system, cerebellum, or brainstem

45
Q

stroke

A

sensation of face and body lost of opposite side of the lesion
-affects lower face on one side
-hemiparesis
-aphasia
-astereognosis

46
Q

Bell palsy

A

affects upper and lower face on one side

47
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

slow, clumsy, and sloppy response, occurs with cerebellar disease

(Think clumsy word)

48
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated or unsteady gait

49
Q

analgesia

A

absent pain sensation

50
Q

hyperalgesia

A

increased pain sensation

51
Q

hypoalgesia

A

decreased pain sensation

52
Q

hypoesthesia

A

decreased touch sensation

53
Q

anesthesia

A

absent touch sensation

54
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased touch sensation

55
Q

astereognosis

A

inability to identify an object correctly, may occur with stroke

56
Q

pronator drift

A

downward unilateral drift of arm, occurs with mild hemiparesis

57
Q

Cushing reflex

A

shows signs of intracranial pressure

58
Q

uncal herniation

A

increasing intracranial pressure pushes the brainstem down, puts pressure on CN 3 causing pupil dilation

UTMB Health Assessment (8 decks)

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