Chapter 15: Eyes Flashcards
accommodation
adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens
anisocoria
unequal pupil size
arcus senilis
gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging
Argyll Robertson pupil
pupil does not react to light; does constrict with accommodation
astigmatism
refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye (cornea and lens)
A-V crossing
crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus
bitemporal hemianopsia
loss of both temporal and visual fields
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids (of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids)
cataract
opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision. appear as opaque black areas against the red reflex
chalazion
infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid.
conjunctivitis
infection of the conjunctiva, “pinkeye”
cotton wool area
abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus
Snellen Eye Chart abnormal findings
hesitancy, squinting, leaning forward, misreading letters
presbyopia
the decrease in power of accommodation with aging, is suggested when the person moves the card farther away
central visual acuity
the larger the denominator, the poorer the vision
nystagmus
occurs with disease of the semicircular canals in the ears, a paretic eye muscle, multiple sclerosis, or brain lesions
lid lags
occurs with hyperthyroidism
ptosis
drooping of upper lid
periorbital edema
lids are swollen and puffy
exophthalmos
protruding eyes
enophthalmos
sunken eyes
scleral icterus
an even yellowing of the sclera extending up to the cornea, indicating jaundice
sclera abnormal findings
tenderness, foreign body, discharge, lesions
corneal abrasion
causes irregular ridges in reflected light, producing a shattered look to light rays
PERRLA
normal response to all these maneuvers
Pupils, Equal, Round , React to Light, Accommodation
myopia
the most common visual disorder during childhood
strabismus
squint, crossed eye. a true disparity of the eyes. this constant malalignment is also termed “tropia” and is likely to cause amblyopia
albinism
involves absence of iris color
Down syndrome
involves Brushfield spots
pseudostabismus
epicanthal folds give a false appearance of malalignment. corneal light reflex is normal.
papilledema
rare in the infant because the fontanels and open sutures absorb any increased intracranial pressure if it occurs
ophthalmia neonatorum
conjunctivitis of the newborn. a purulent discharge caused by a chemical irritant or a bacterial or viral agent from the birth canal
ectropion
lower lid dropping away
entropion
lower lid turning in
pterygium
an opacity on the bulbar conjunctiva, but one that grows over the cornea. abnormal!
hard exudates
occur with a more circular or linear pattern. abnormal!
drusen
benign degenerative hyaline deposits. small, round, yellow dots that are scattered haphazardly on the retina. a normal development and have no effect on vision!
hypertelorism
large spacing between the eyes. present in Down syndrome
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
basal cell carcinoma
most often on the lower lids and presents as a small, painless nodule with central ulceration and sharp, rolled-out pearly edges. it occurs in older adults, associated with UV exposure and light skin. it is locally invasive, but metastasis is rare
hordeolum
stye
miosis occurs with:
-drops for glaucoma treatment
-narcotics
-iritis
-brain damage of pons
hordeolum aka “stye”
painful, red and swollen. an acute localized staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin. managed with warm compresses and topical antibiotic treatment
iritis
circumcorneal redness
hyphema
blood in anterior chamber is a serious result of herpes zoster infection. also occurs with blunt trauma
diabetic retinopathy
