Chapter 23: Musculoskeletal

Question 1

effusion

Answer 1

excess joint fluid

Question 2

bursae

Question 3

tendons

Question 4

fracture

Answer 4

a break in a bone

Question 5

dislocation

Answer 5

complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint

Question 6

subluxation

Answer 6

partial dislocation
two bones in a joint stay in contact, but no longer aligned

Question 7

contracture

Answer 7

shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint

Question 8

ankylosis

Answer 8

stiffness or fixation of a joint

Question 9

inflammation

Answer 9

signaled by warmth and tenderness

Question 10

palpable fluid

Answer 10

abnormal finding of a joint

Question 11

articular disease

Answer 11

-inside the joint capsule, like arthritis
-swelling and tenderness around the whole joint
-all planes of ROM are limited

Question 12

extra-curricular disease

Answer 12

-injury to a specific tendon, ligament, nerve
-affects active and voluntary motion
-swelling and tenderness to one spot in the joint
-affects only certain planes of ROM

Question 13

crepitation

Answer 13

crunching sound with movement, occurs with RA

Question 14

TMJ

Answer 14

crepitus and pain when chewing, decreased ROM, tenderness with palpation

Question 15

humerus

Answer 15

upper arm bone

Question 16

ulna

Answer 16

pinky side of forearm bone

Question 17

olecranon

Answer 17

end of the ulna (at the elbow)

Question 18

epicondyle

Answer 18

end of the humerus (at the elbow)

Question 19

subcutaneous nodules

Answer 19

raised, firm, and nontender
occur with RA

Question 20

osteopenia

Answer 20

a loss of bone mineral density (BMD) that weakens bones

Question 21

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

-bilateral swelling and tenderness
-tender metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 22

ganglion cyst

Answer 22

localized swelling in wrist

Question 23

osteoarthritis

Answer 23

-Heberden and Bouchard nodules are hard and nontender
-irregular bony margins

Question 24

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 24

-numbness and burning with the Phalen test (hands back to back while flexing wrists 90 degrees)
-positive Tinel sign

Question 25

Tinel sign

Answer 25

percussing nerve at the wrist

Question 26

positive Tinel sign

Answer 26

with carpal tunnel syndrome, percussion of nerve along the wrist causes burning and tingling

Question 27

positive Thomas test

Answer 27

of the hip, tests for tightness of the iliopsoas

Question 28

Genu varum

Answer 28

bowlegs, can be caused by nutritional rickets

Question 29

Genu valgum

Answer 29

-knock-knees
-may be caused by osteomyelitis, rickets, or kidney failure

Question 30

bulge sign

Answer 30

occurs with small amounts of effusion from fluid flowing across the joint, like with swelling in the suprapatellar pouch

Question 31

paresis

Answer 31

weakness of muscles

Question 32

hemiplegia

Answer 32

spastic or flaccid paralysis of one side (right or left)

Question 33

paraplegia

Answer 33

symmetric paralysis of both lower extremities

Question 34

quadriplegia

Answer 34

paralysis in all four extremities

Question 35

hiccup

Answer 35

myoclonus of diaphragm

Question 36

grand mal seizures

Answer 36

severe myoclonic jerks

Question 37

fasciculation

Answer 37

rapid twitching of a muscle without moving the limb

Question 38

osteoblasts

Answer 38

form new bone, have estrogen receptors

Question 39

kyphosis

Answer 39

increase in the thoracic curve, seen in aging adults

Question 40

lordosis

Answer 40

seen in pregnant women

Question 41

arthropathy

Answer 41

disease of the joints