Chapter 23: Respiratory System Flashcards
larynx
separates upper and lower respiratory tract
upper infections
more common
lower infections
more dangerous
conducting zone
transports air and prepares it for respiration
respiratory zone
where diffusion and trading of gas (O2 and CO2) occurs
nasal conchae creates
tunnels (meatuses) that swirl air around your nasal cavity
breathing through nose makes air
swirl around
breathing through your nose allows your nasal cavity to…
filter, warm, and humidify the air you breathe
external nares
opening of nostrils
auditory tube
“pressure release valve” that controls the pressure in middle ear
internal nares
connect nasal cavity and the pharynx
nasopharynx
top
connects to the nasal cavity
oropharynx
middle
connects to the oral cavity
laryngopharynx
bottom
connects to the larynx
epiglottis cartilage
connects to the glottis while swallowing
thyroid cartilage
creates the larynx prominence (adams apple)
glottis
opening to the trachea
trachea is held open by…
15-20 C shaped cartilage rings
posterior trachea has a
fibroelastic membrane
carina is where..
trachea branches into the primary bronchi
how many primary bronchi do we have?
2 for each lung
how many secondary bronchi do we have?
5 for each lobe
how many tertiary bronchi do we have?
18-19 for each bronchopulmonary segment
alveoli
primary gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
respiratory zone begins with…
terminal bronchi
type 2 alveolar cells
produce surfactant (reduces surface tension)
the respiratory membrane is made of…
alveolus, a capillary, and a thin basement membrane
right lung has how many lobes
3
left lung has how many lobes
2
visceral pleura
lines the lung
parital pleura
lines the body wall
pleural cavity is filled with…
pleural fluid which reduces friction and has an adhesive function
when inhaling, you have to __________ the volume/size of the thoracic cavity to _____________ the pressure
increase, decrease
when exhaling, you have to ___________ the volume/size of the thoracic cavity to ______________ the pressure
decrease. increase
atmospheric pressure
760 mmhg at sea level
above us at all times putting pressure on us
you inhale when the pressure in your lungs is ___________ than atmospheric pressure
lower
you exhale when the pressure in your lungs is _____________ than atmospheric pressure
higher
intravelar pressure
inside lungs, changes based on whether you’re inhaling or exhaling
also called intrapulmonary pressure
quiet inhalation
caused by contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostals
quiet exhalation
caused by elastic recoli when the diaphragm and the external intercostals relax
75% of breaths are caused by the _________ __________
diaphragm dropping
25% of breaths are caused by ___________ _________ __________ ____________
external intercostal muscles contracting
a normal breathe out requires
no muscle activity
forced breathing
involves accessory muscles that suck air in and blow it out
includes abdominal muscles
diaphragmatic breathing
diaphragm taking deep breathes
easier on body
costal/chest breathing
breathing comes from chest
tidal volume
amount of air in a normal breath
500 mL
inspiratory reserve volume
how much more you can inhale than normal
vital capacity
how much lung space you can control
IRV+TV+ERV = (3100-4800 mL)
medulla oblongata
controls breathing rhythm
pons
control breathing rate
too much CO2
respiratory rate goes up
too little CO2
respiratory rate will drop body will get more
oxygen and CO2 move from areas of _____ to ______ concentration
high, low
oxygen diffuses ______ your blood
INTO
CO2 diffuses _______ of your blood
OUT