Chapter 23 - Learnsmart Flashcards
Macula Densa (Epithelial cells at the end of the nephron loop)
Measures flow rate through renal tubules and adjusts flow rate by causing vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.
Juxtaglomerular Cells (smooth muscle cells within wall of afferent arteriole)
Release Renin (raises BP), so that adequate blood supply reaches the nephron.
Mesangial cells (Cells b/w the arterioles & amongst the glomerular capillaries)
Carry out phagocytosis of tissue debris and communication b/w components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Which hormones regulate the amount of water and salt reabsorbed by the DCT and collecting duct?
Aldosterone, Atrial natriuretic pepdie, and Antidiuretic Hormone
Which of the following can pass through the glomerular filtration membrane?
Water, Electrolytes, and Glucose
The left kidney is slightly lower than the right because of the space occupied by the liver just above it.
False
Tubular Secretion
The movement of water and solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid.
The color of urine is due to the presence of a pigment called
Urochrome
Deepest to most superficial
Fibrous capsule, Perirenal Fat Capsule, and Renal fascia
Which of the following result from activation of the renin-angiotensin system?
Increased BP, Vasoconstriction, and Increased water retention.
How do most nitrogenous wastes originate?
As byproducts of protein catabolism
What nervous system causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, reducing glomerular blood flow and the GFR?
The Sympathetic Nervous System.
Renal clearance is the net effect of what?
Tubular reabsorption, Glomerular filtration, and Tubular secretion
Which wastes are removed from the blood by tubular secretion?
Urea, Ammonia, and Bile Acids
How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and blood?
By regulating water output
The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance through the tubular secretion of which molecules?
Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions
What does the micturition reflex result in?
Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter
Renal Autoregulation
The ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without nervous or hormonal control
The filtration pressure in the glomerulus is determined by the balance of which 2 pressures?
Blood hydrostatic and Colloid osmotic
Increased GFR results in
Increased Urine volume and Decreased Blood volume
Diuretic
A chemical that increases urine volume
Antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to
Dehydration
What is the importance of the medullary ECF osmolarity gradient?
It allows the production of very concentrated urine
Aldosterone
causes increased reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium from the later segments of the renal tubule
