Chapter 23 - Learnsmart

Question 1

Macula Densa (Epithelial cells at the end of the nephron loop)

Answer 1

Measures flow rate through renal tubules and adjusts flow rate by causing vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.

Question 2

Juxtaglomerular Cells (smooth muscle cells within wall of afferent arteriole)

Answer 2

Release Renin (raises BP), so that adequate blood supply reaches the nephron.

Question 3

Mesangial cells (Cells b/w the arterioles & amongst the glomerular capillaries)

Answer 3

Carry out phagocytosis of tissue debris and communication b/w components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 4

Which hormones regulate the amount of water and salt reabsorbed by the DCT and collecting duct?

Answer 4

Aldosterone, Atrial natriuretic pepdie, and Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 5

Which of the following can pass through the glomerular filtration membrane?

Answer 5

Water, Electrolytes, and Glucose

Question 6

The left kidney is slightly lower than the right because of the space occupied by the liver just above it.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Tubular Secretion

Answer 7

The movement of water and solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid.

Question 8

The color of urine is due to the presence of a pigment called

Answer 8

Urochrome

Question 9

Deepest to most superficial

Answer 9

Fibrous capsule, Perirenal Fat Capsule, and Renal fascia

Question 10

Which of the following result from activation of the renin-angiotensin system?

Answer 10

Increased BP, Vasoconstriction, and Increased water retention.

Question 11

How do most nitrogenous wastes originate?

Answer 11

As byproducts of protein catabolism

Question 12

What nervous system causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, reducing glomerular blood flow and the GFR?

Answer 12

The Sympathetic Nervous System.

Question 13

Renal clearance is the net effect of what?

Answer 13

Tubular reabsorption, Glomerular filtration, and Tubular secretion

Question 14

Which wastes are removed from the blood by tubular secretion?

Answer 14

Urea, Ammonia, and Bile Acids

Question 15

How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and blood?

Answer 15

By regulating water output

Question 16

The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance through the tubular secretion of which molecules?

Answer 16

Hydrogen and Bicarbonate ions

Question 17

What does the micturition reflex result in?

Answer 17

Contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

Question 18

Renal Autoregulation

Answer 18

The ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without nervous or hormonal control

Question 19

The filtration pressure in the glomerulus is determined by the balance of which 2 pressures?

Answer 19

Blood hydrostatic and Colloid osmotic

Question 20

Increased GFR results in

Answer 20

Increased Urine volume and Decreased Blood volume

Question 21

Diuretic

Answer 21

A chemical that increases urine volume

Question 22

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to

Answer 22

Dehydration

Question 23

What is the importance of the medullary ECF osmolarity gradient?

Answer 23

It allows the production of very concentrated urine

Question 24

Aldosterone

Answer 24

causes increased reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium from the later segments of the renal tubule

Question 25

Glomerulus is composed of…?

Answer 25

Fenestrated Capillaries