Chapter 23- Age Of Nationalism Flashcards
Bloody Sunday
A massacre of peaceful protestors at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.
Crimean War
A conflict fought between 1853 and 1856 over Russian desires to expand into Ottoman territory; Russia was defeated by France, Britain, and the Ottomans, underscoring the need reform in the Russian empire.
Anarchists
Called “The People’s Will”, Alexander’s reforms outraged this group, led one member to kill Tsar Alexander. Opposed to any government. They did all sorts of terrorist stuff.
Dreyfus Affair
A divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-Semites against Dreyfus; after Dreyfus was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties between the state and the church.
Duma
The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes.
Franco Prussian War
Final act in German unification, Bismark calculated that patriotic war would drive south German states into his arms, he pressed France. South German states agreed to join new German Empire. Bismarck imposed a severe penalty on France for losing.
German Social Democratic Party
A German working-class political party founded in the 1870’s, the SPD championed Marxism but in practice turned away from Marxist revolution and worked instead for social and workplace reforms in the German parliament.
Homestead Act
An American law enacted during the Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy.
Intelligentsia
Ask in class, they were the source of revolutionary disturbance and most wanted a catastrophic overthrow of the tsardom; also supported nihilism. Educated middle class in Russia.
Iron Chancellor
Comeback to this one, this was Bismarck. Accepted constitution that United 25 German states in a federal form of government.
Kulterkampf
Bismarck’s attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878, resulting from Pius IX’s declaration of papal infallibility.
October Manifesto
The result of a paralyzingly general strike in October 1905, a Russian decrees that granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power.
Plebiscite
A direct vote in which the entire electorate is invited to accept or refuse a proposal. Vote by Napoleon III, type of public opinion poll.
People’s Budget
A bill proposed after the Liberal Party came to power in Britain in 1906, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare services, but it was initially vetoed in the House of Lords.
Red Shirts
The guerrilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry.
