Chapter 17 Vocab - The Growth Of Rural Industry Flashcards
Atlantic slave trade (Assiento)
The forced migration of Africans across the Atlantic for slave labor on plantations and other industries; the trade reached its peak in the 18th century and ultimately involved 12 million Africans.
Bourgeoisie
The middle-class minority who owned the means of production and, according to Marx, exploited the working-class proletariat.
Cottage industry
A stage of industrial revolution in which rural workers used hand tools in their homes to manufacture goods on a large scale for sale in a market.
Debt peonage
A form of serfdom that allowed a planter or rancher to keep his workers or slaves in perpetual debt bondage by periodically advancing food, shelter, and a little money.
Agricultural Revolution
Agriculture became very popular and essential in Europe, the economy of Europe was agrarian. The development of Europe becoming increasingly reliant on agriculture.
Demography
The demography of Europe, after recovering the back death, had a relatively stable population. 18 century Europe will undergo significant agricultural change- their first in a long time.
Economic liberalism
A belief in free trade and competition based on Adam Smith’s argument that the invisible hand of free competition would benefit all individuals, rich and poor.
Enclosure
The movement to fence in fields in order to farm more effectively, at the expense of poor peasants who relied on common fields for farming and pasture.
Guild system
The organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the right to train apprentices and hire workers.
Industrious revolution
The shift that occurred as families in northwestern Europe focused on earning wages instead of producing goods for household consumption; this reduced their economic self-sufficiency but increased their ability to purchase consumer goods.
Mass production
Come back to this one, ask about it in class tomorrow
Navigation acts
A series of English laws that controlled the import of goods to Britain and British colonies.
Open field system
The land was owned by a noble, divided into long narrow strips that peasants farmed on, rotated on a 3 year cycle of different crops. Once you have completed farming, let livestock free in field to have the left overs. Widows and other women = gleaners, allowed to have left over crops.
Putting out system
The 18 century system of rural industry in which a merchant loaned raw materials to cottage workers, who processed them and returned the finished product to the merchant .
Proletarianism
The transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners.
