Chapter 21- Ideologies And Upheavals Flashcards
Battle of Peterloo
The army’s violent suppression of a protest that took place at Saint Peter’s Fields in Manchester in reaction to the revision of the Corn laws.
Corn Laws
British laws governing the import and export of grain, which were revised in 1815 to prohibit the importance of foreign grain unless the price at home rose to improbable levels, thus benefiting the aristocracy but making food prices high for working people.
Congress of Vienna
A meeting of the Quadruple Alliance- Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain- restoration France, and smaller European states to fashion a general peace settlement that began after the defeat of Napoleon’s France in 1814.
Balance of Power
Ask about in class, the Quadruple alliance= Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain carefully managed the balance of power by restoring original border lines before the French Revolution and tried to have even distribution of power.
Conservatism
People who didn’t want change unless it was extremely necessary, it wasn’t really in this time period.
Great Famine
The result of four years of potato crop failure in the late 1840s in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as a dietary staple.
Greater Germany
A liberal plan for German national unification that included the German-speaking parts of the Austrian Empire, put forth at the national parliament in 1848 but rejected by Austrian rulers.
Gothic Literature
Very scary and dark. Example: Dracula, Frankenstein, etc.
Holy Alliance
An alliance formed by the conservative rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia in September 1815 that became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements all over Europe.
Karlsbad Decrees
Issued in 1819, these decrees were designed to uphold Metternich’s conservatism, requiring the German states to root out subversive ideas and squelch any liberal organizations.
Laissez Faire
A doctrine of economic liberalism that calls for unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy.
Great Famine
The result of four years of potato crop failure in the late 1840s in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as a dietary staple.
Greater Germany
A liberal plan for German national unification that included the German-speaking parts of the Austrian Empire, put forth at the national parliament in 1848 but rejected by Austrian rulers.
Gothic Literature
Very dark and scary. Examples: Frankenstein, Dracula, etc.
Holy Alliance
An alliance formed by the conservative rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia in September 1815 that became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements all over Europe.
Karlsbad Decrees
Issued in 1819, these decrees were designed to uphold Metternich’s conservatism, requiring the German states to root out subversive ideas and squelch any liberal organizations.
Laissez Faire
A doctrine of economic liberalism that calls for unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy.
Liberalism
The principal ideas of this movement were equality and Liberty; liberals demanded representative government and equality before the law as well as individual freedoms such as Freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of worship, and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Marxism
An influential political program based on the socialist ideas of German radical Karl Marx, which called for a working-class revolution to overthrow capitalist society and establish a Communist state.
Radicalism
Radicalisms rejected conversation, with its stress on tradition, a hereditary monarchy, a privileged land-owning aristocracy, and an official state church. Radical thinkers developed and refined alternative ideologies- or political philosophies- and tried to convince society to act on them.
Reform Bill of 1832
A major British political reform that increased the number of male voters by about 50 percent and gave political representation to new industrial areas.
Romanticism
An artistic movement at its height from about 1790 to the 1840s that was in part a revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment, characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life.
Self Determination
Each country had their own goals, usually independence from mother or overruling country.
Socialism
A backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of industrial society, and a move toward cooperation and a sense of community; the key ideas were economic planning, greater social equality, and state regulation of property.
